Plasma fatty acid metabolic profiling and biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on GC/MS and PLS‐LDA

Abstract

Metabolic profiling has increasingly been used as a probe in disease diagnosis and pharmacological analysis. Herein, plasma fatty acid metabolic profiling including non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and esterified fatty acid (EFA) was investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Partial least squares-linear discrimination analysis (PLS-LDA) model was established and validated to pattern discrimination between type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM-2) patients and health controls, and to extract novel biomarker information. Furthermore, the PLS-LDA model visually represented the alterations of NEFA metabolic profiles of diabetic patients with abdominal obesity in the treated process with rosiglitazone. The GC/MS-PLS-LDA analysis allowed comprehensive detection of plasma fatty acid, enabling fatty acid metabolic characterization of DM-2 patients, which included biomarkers different from health controls and dynamic change of NEFA profiles of patients after treated with medicine. This method might be a complement or an alternative to pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics research.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Aging decreases rate of docosahexaenoic acid synthesis-secretion from circulating unesterified α-linolenic acid by rat liver

“…Plasma non-esterified and esterified fatty acids were extracted by a basic partition system containing hexane/10% KOH in methanol (Yi et al 2006;Han et al 2011) and dried under a stream of N 2 . The dried residue of the esterified lipids was subjected to further hydrolysis with 1 ml of methanolic KOH (10% w/v) at 75°C for 1 h, followed by acidification with 1 ml of 12 N HCl, addition of 1-ml distilled water to dissolve the formed salts, extraction of the hydrolyzed fatty acids into hexane, and evaporation to dryness.…”

Metabolomics in diabetes research

“…In accordance with genetic rat models (Williams et al 2006b, Salek et al 2007, increased fatty acid levels were detected in T2DM patients (Yi et al 2006, 2007, Li et al 2009, Suhre et al 2010 as well as in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (Zhao et al 2010b). Changes in as many as 18 fatty acids, including SFA, MUFA and PUFA, were found in one study.…”

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Non-Obese Mouse Model Induced by Meg1/Grb10 Overexpression

“…Two of the major defects seen in 2DM are insulin resistance of targets, such as liver, muscle and adipose tissues, and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells [26,37,38]. Histological analysis revealed the pancreatic abnormality in Meg1 Tg mice (Fig.…”