Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients

Rigamonti, Antonello E.; Pincelli, Angela Ida; Corra, B; Viarengo, R.; Bonomo, SM; Galimberti, Daniela; Scacchi, Massimo; Scarpini, Elio; Cavagnini, F.; Ee, Müller

doi:10.1677/joe.0.175r001

Cited by 266 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Since the activity of nitric oxide synthase is diminished in aging (although human data are not conclusive), it may explain lower activity of ghrelin in older people. Another finding is that older persons have lower levels of acylated (orexigenic) ghrelin compared to desacylated (anorexigenic, although this is controversial) ghrelin (Rigamonti et al 2002). Sturm et al found that plasma ghrelin concentrations were much higher in the undernourished older women than in well-nourished older women and wellnourished young women, and ghrelin concentrations decreased more after food ingestion in the older compared with the young subjects (Sturm et al 2003).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Wysokiński

Sobów

Kłoszewska

et al. 2015

AGE

189

148

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Many, even healthy, older people fail to adequately regulate food intake and experience loss of weight. Aging-associated changes in the regulation of appetite and the lack of hunger have been termed as the anorexia of aging. The etiology of the anorexia of aging is multi-factorial and includes a combination of physiological changes associated with aging (decline in smell and taste, reduced central and peripheral drive to eat, delayed gastric emptying), pathological conditions (depression, dementia, somatic diseases, medications and iatrogenic interventions, oral-health status), and social factors (poverty, loneliness). However, exact mechanisms of the anorexia of aging remain to be elucidated. Many neurobiological mechanisms may be secondary to age-related changes in body composition and not associated with anorexia per se. Therefore, further studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of the anorexia of aging should employ accurate measurement of body fat and lean mass. The anorexia of aging is associated with protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, functional deterioration, morbidity, and mortality. Since this symptom can lead to dramatic consequences, early identification and effective interventions are needed. One of the most important goals in the geriatric care is to optimize nutritional status of the elderly.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Wysokiński

Sobów

Kłoszewska

et al. 2015

AGE

189

148

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show abstract

“…[4][5][6] Reduced levels have been reported in obese subjects, 7,8 whereas increased concentrations have been found in patients with anorexia nervosa. 8,9 A preprandial rise 10 and a postprandial fall 11 in ghrelin levels indicate a physiological role of food on ghrelin secretion in humans. However, in obese subjects, food fails to suppress ghrelin levels, 12,13 or has an impaired suppressive effect compared with normal weight controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

et al. 2006

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Objective: It has been proposed that the success of maintained weight loss in morbidly obese subjects following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery depends on inappropriately low circulating concentrations of the appetite-stimulating peptide ghrelin, being unresponsive to food intake. In this study, this hypothesis was examined. Design: Cross-sectional study with repeated blood samples in 40 subjects after 14 h of prolonged overnight fasting followed by a standardized mixed meal (770 kcal). Subjects: Twenty men and 20 women were included: 10 middle-aged morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) 43.973.3 kg/ m 2 ), 10 middle-aged subjects who had undergone RYGBP at the Uppsala University Hospital (BMI 34.775.8 kg/m 2 ), 10 middleaged non-obese (BMI 23.572.2 kg/m 2 ) and 10 young non-obese (BMI 22.771.8 kg/m 2 ). Measurements: Ghrelin, glucose and insulin levels were analysed pre-and postprandially. Results: In the morbidly obese, ghrelin concentrations were lower in the morning than in the RYGBP group and did not change following the meal. In the RYGBP group, fasting ghrelin levels fell after meal intake and showed similar suppression as both agematched and young non-obese controls. The RYGBP surgery resulted in an increased meal-induced insulin secretion, which was related to the degree of postprandial ghrelin suppression. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates low circulating concentrations of ghrelin and blunted responses to fast and feeding in morbidly obese subjects. Marked weight reduction after RYGBP at our hospital is followed by a normalization of ghrelin secretion, illustrated by increased fasting levels compared to the preoperative obese state and regain of meal-induced ghrelin suppression.

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“…Moreover, a decline in plasma ghrelin with age has also been reported (Serra-Prat et al 2007), and several groups, including ours, have investigated the role of ghrelin in the elderly in relation to metabolic syndrome (MS), hunger and satiety (Rigamonti et al 2002;Serra-Prat et al 2009a, b). Ghrelin circulating concentrations decline in old people may contribute to the phenomenon called 'anorexia of ageing' and influence nutritional impairment development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Obestatin is associated to muscle strength, functional capacity and cognitive status in old women

Mora

Granada

Palomera

et al. 2013

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Obestatin has been proposed to have anorexigenic and anti-ghrelin actions. The objective was to study obestatin concentrations in relation to handgrip strength, functional capacity and cognitive state in old women. The prospective study included 110 women (age, 76.93±6.32) from the Mataró Ageing Study. Individuals were characterized by anthropometric variables, grip strength, Barthel and assessment of cognitive impairment [Mini Cognoscitive Examination (MCE) Spanish version], depressive status by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and frailty by the Fried criteria. Obestatin was measured by IRMA. Obestatin showed negative correlation to handgrip at basal time point (r= −0.220, p=0.023) and at 2-year follow-up (r=−0.344, p=0.002). Obestatin, divided into quartiles, showed a negative lineal association with handgrip: 11.03 ± 4.88 kg in first, 8.75±4.08 kg in second, 8.11±3.66 kg in third and 7.61±4.08 kg in fourth quartile (p=0.018). Higher obestatin levels were associated to increased weakness (categorized by handgrip of frailty criteria): 2.24±0.42 ng/ml in weak vs. 1.87±0.57 ng/ml in nonweak (p=0.01). The decrease of either MCE or Barthel scores at 2-year follow-up was significantly higher in individuals in the fourth quartile of obestatin in comparison with individuals in the first quartile (p=0.046 and p=0.019, respectively). No association was found between obestatin and GDS score and neither with frailty as a condition. Obestatin is associated to low muscle strength, and impaired functional and cognitive capacity in old women participating in the Mataró Ageing Study.

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Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients

Cited by 266 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

Obestatin is associated to muscle strength, functional capacity and cognitive status in old women

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