Plasma glutathione concentrations in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Rodrı́guez, José F.; Cordero, J.; Chantry, Caroline J; González, Shirley; Rivera, C.; Febo, Irma; Colón, Angel; Díaz, Clemente

doi:10.1097/00006454-199803000-00012

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, the absence of endogenous GR activity in the Δ gr mutants could potentially lead to altered intracellular GSH levels. Total GSH levels in blood stages from WT, Δ gr1 , and Δ gr2 parasites were quantified by HPLC as described previously (20, 37, 38). We initially determined the optimal concentration of DTE (6.25 m m ) required to completely reduce known amounts of GSSG (supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione Reductase-null Malaria Parasites Have Normal Blood Stage Growth but Arrest during Development in the Mosquito

Pastrana-Mena

Dinglasan

Franke-Fayard

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Malaria parasites contain a complete glutathione (GSH) redox system, and several enzymes of this system are considered potential targets for antimalarial drugs. Through generation of a γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS)-null mutant of the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei, we previously showed that de novo GSH synthesis is not critical for blood stage multiplication but is essential for oocyst development. In this study, phenotype analyses of mutant parasites lacking expression of glutathione reductase (GR) confirmed that GSH metabolism is critical for the mosquito oocyst stage. Similar to what was found for γ-GCS, GR is not essential for blood stage growth. GR-null parasites showed the same sensitivity to methylene blue and eosin B as wild type parasites, demonstrating that these compounds target molecules other than GR in Plasmodium. Attempts to generate parasites lacking both GR and γ-GCS by simultaneous disruption of gr and γ-gcs were unsuccessful. This demonstrates that the maintenance of total GSH levels required for blood stage survival is dependent on either de novo GSH synthesis or glutathione disulfide (GSSG) reduction by Plasmodium GR. Our studies provide new insights into the role of the GSH system in malaria parasites with implications for the development of drugs targeting GSH metabolism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total GSH levels in blood stage parasites were determined according to published methods (20, 37, 38). Blood (0.8–1.0 ml) was harvested by heart puncture from mice infected with Δ gr mutants and WT parasites (10–20% parasitemia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Reductase-null Malaria Parasites Have Normal Blood Stage Growth but Arrest during Development in the Mosquito

Pastrana-Mena

Dinglasan

Franke-Fayard

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…28,29 It has been proposed that nutritional edema results from oxidative damage to cell membranes, reflected in the finding of reduced glutathione in SM with edema. 30 Glutathione is also reduced in HIV, 31 yet SM with edema is less common; therefore, it seems unlikely that this hypothesis can adequately explain the reduced edema prevalence in HIV. An alternative hypothesis has been that protein deficiency results in hypoalbuminemia and so edema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4 Counts Decline Despite Nutritional Recovery in HIV-Infected Zambian Children With Severe Malnutrition

Hughes

Amadi²,

Mwiya³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

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“…Cross-sectional studies among children have similarly indicated that biochemical micronutrient deficiencies are more prevalent among infected children than among uninfected children [28][29][30]. In an observational study, low baseline levels of plasma selenium were also found to be associated with a statistically significant 6-fold higher risk of mortality in a cohort of HIVinfected children in Miami [31].…”

Section: Micronutrients and Disease Progression Among Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression among Adults and Children

Fawzi¹

2003

CLIN INFECT DIS

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The results of randomized trials among men and nonpregnant women have confirmed the potential benefits of vitamins B, C, and E supplements on the immune status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Larger trials are needed to ascertain whether these benefits are sustained and to examine the effect of supplementation on clinical outcomes. Among pregnant women, vitamin A supplements increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Supplementation with vitamins B, C, and E during prenatal and breastfeeding periods should be encouraged, in light of the protective effects on adverse pregnancy and child outcomes. In children aged >6 months, vitamin A supplements are beneficial for reducing morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including among HIV-infected children. There are no data on the relationships of other micronutrients and child health. For adults and children, more research is warranted on the role of selenium, zinc, and other trace elements on various measures of health among HIV-infected individuals.

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Plasma glutathione concentrations in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Glutathione Reductase-null Malaria Parasites Have Normal Blood Stage Growth but Arrest during Development in the Mosquito

Glutathione Reductase-null Malaria Parasites Have Normal Blood Stage Growth but Arrest during Development in the Mosquito

CD4 Counts Decline Despite Nutritional Recovery in HIV-Infected Zambian Children With Severe Malnutrition

Micronutrients and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease Progression among Adults and Children

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