Plasma kinetics and biodistribution of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots in mice: a comparison between Cd and Te

Han, Ying; Xie, Guofeng; Sun, Zhiwei; Mu, Ying; Han, Song; Xiao, Yang; Liu, Na; Wang, Hui; Guo, Caixia; Shi, Zhixiong; Li, Yanbo; Huang, Peili

doi:10.1007/s11051-011-0523-8

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…21,22 Previously, we reported that the liver and kidneys appear to be the major organs of QD deposition after intravenous administration and that QDs can undergo degradation in vivo. 23,24 The liver and kidneys are the most important organs for obtaining an overall assessment of the immune response and antioxidant activity. 25 We also studied QD-mediated toxicity across different time points and explored the roles of free Cd ions (Cd 2+ ) and ⋅OH in the liver and kidney damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose and time effect of CdTe quantum dots on antioxidant capacities of the liver and kidneys in mice

Wang

Sun

Meng

et al. 2017

IJN

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Although quantum dot (QD)-induced toxicity occurs due to free radicals, generation of oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is considered an important mechanism. However, free radical mechanisms are essentially difficult to elucidate at the molecular level because most biologically relevant free radicals are highly reactive and short-lived, making them difficult to directly detect, especially in vivo. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing or, in most cases, limiting the damage caused by ROS. Healthy people and animals possess many endogenous antioxidative substances that scavenge free radicals in vivo to maintain the redox balance and genome integrity. The antioxidant capacity of an organism is highly important but seldom studied. In this study, the dose and time effects of CdTe QDs on the antioxidant capacities of the liver and kidneys were investigated in mice using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping technique. We found that the liver and kidneys of healthy mice contain specific antioxidant capacities that scavenge ·OH and ·O 2 − . Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were examined. In dose course studies, the free radical scavenging efficiencies of the liver and kidneys were found to gradually decrease with increasing concentration of CdTe QD exposure. The activities and levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA were observed to increase in treated groups, whereas those of GSH were reduced. The time course studies revealed that the QD-induced antioxidant efficiency reduction was time dependent with GSH decrease and could recover after a period of time. These experimental results offer new information on QD toxicity in vivo. Specifically, CdTe QDs can deplete GSH to reduce the elimination ability of the liver and kidneys for ·OH and ·O 2 − , thus inducing oxidative damage to tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose and time effect of CdTe quantum dots on antioxidant capacities of the liver and kidneys in mice

Wang

Sun

Meng

et al. 2017

IJN

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“…In our previous studies regarding the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of CdTe aqQDs, we found that Cd and Te display different plasma kinetics and distribution patterns [15]. The different plasma kinetics and distribution patterns of Cd and Te imply that CdTe aqQDs may undergo degradation in vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of aqueous synthesized CdTe/ZnS quantum dots in mice: differential blood kinetics and biodistribution of cadmium and tellurium

Liu

Chen

et al. 2013

Part Fibre Toxicol

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BackgroundQuantum dots (QDs) have been used as novel fluorescent nanoprobes for various bioapplications. The degradation of QDs, and consequent release of free cadmium ions, have been suggested to be the causes of their overall toxicity. However, in contrast to sufficient investigations regarding the biological fate of QDs, a paucity of studies have reported their chemical fate in vivo. Therefore, the overall aim of our study was to understand the chemical fate of QDs in vivo and explore analytical techniques or methods that could be used to define the chemical fate of QDs in vivo.MethodsMale ICR mice were administered a single intravenous dose (0.2 μmol/kg) of aqueous synthesized CdTe/ZnS aqQDs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to simultaneously measure the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and tellurium (Te) in the blood and tissues over the course of a 28 day period. We compared the blood kinetic parameters and biodistributions of Cd and Te, and used the molar ratio of Cd:Te as a marker for QDs degradation.ResultsCd and Te display different blood kinetics and biodistribution profiles. The Cd:Te ratio in the blood did not vary significantly within the first hour compared with intact CdTe/ZnS aqQDs. The Cd:Te ratio decreased gradually over time from the 6 h time point on. Cd accumulated in the liver, kidneys, and spleen. Te was distributed primarily to the kidneys. Sharp time-dependent increases in the Cd:Te ratio were found in liver tissues.ConclusionsQDs can undergo degradation in vivo. In vitro, QDs are chemically stable and do not elicit the same biological responses or consequences as they do in vivo. Our methods might provide valuable information regarding the degradation of QDs in vivo and may enable the design and development of QDs for biological and biomedical applications.

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“…24 The mice in the control group were injected with an equivalent volume of normal saline. Preliminary observations of food intake, fur, behavior, mental status, urine, and feces were conducted daily for each mouse.…”

Section: Animal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,23,24 In the present study, we examined histological changes in the liver and kidneys of mice at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after CdTe QD exposure. Furthermore, we used the tissue metallothionein (MT) level as a marker of elevated Cd 2+ in the tissue and examined the ⋅OH levels in the liver and kidneys at the same four time points using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence-detection method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] When QDs degrade (ie, surface atoms are lost and QDs decrease in size), blue shifts in the fluorescence-excitation spectra and decreases in the quantum yield are observed. 31 However, using fluorescence intensity to quantify QDs in tissues has been deemed to be problematic, due to the high and variable background fluorescence that results from the tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Time-dependent toxicity of cadmium telluride quantum dots on liver and kidneys in mice: histopathological changes with elevated free cadmium ions and hydroxyl radicals

Wang

Sun

et al. 2016

IJN

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A complete understanding of the toxicological behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in vivo is of great importance and a prerequisite for their application in humans. In contrast with the numerous cytotoxicity studies investigating QDs, only a few in vivo studies of QDs have been reported, and the issue remains controversial. Our study aimed to understand QD-mediated toxicity across different time points and to explore the roles of free cadmium ions (Cd 2+ ) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in tissue damage. Male ICR mice were administered a single intravenous dose (1.5 µmol/kg) of CdTe QDs, and liver and kidney function and morphology were subsequently examined at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Furthermore, ·OH production in the tissue was quantified by trapping · OH with salicylic acid (SA) as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and detecting it using a high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method. We used the induction of tissue metallothionein levels and 2,3-DHBA:SA ratios as markers for elevated Cd 2+ from the degradation of QDs and ·OH generation in the tissue, respectively. Our experimental results revealed that the QD-induced histopathological changes were time-dependent with elevated Cd 2+ and ·OH, and could recover after a period of time. The Cd 2+ and ·OH exhibited delayed effects in terms of histopathological abnormalities. Histological assessments performed at multiple time points might facilitate the evaluation of the biological safety of QDs.

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Plasma kinetics and biodistribution of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots in mice: a comparison between Cd and Te

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Dose and time effect of CdTe quantum dots on antioxidant capacities of the liver and kidneys in mice

Dose and time effect of CdTe quantum dots on antioxidant capacities of the liver and kidneys in mice

Degradation of aqueous synthesized CdTe/ZnS quantum dots in mice: differential blood kinetics and biodistribution of cadmium and tellurium

Time-dependent toxicity of cadmium telluride quantum dots on liver and kidneys in mice: histopathological changes with elevated free cadmium ions and hydroxyl radicals

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