Plasma Leptin and Hunger Ratings in Healthy Humans

Joannic, Jean-Luc; Oppert, Jean‐Michel; Lahlou, Najiba; Basdevant, Arnaud; Auboiron, Silvy; Raison, J.; Bornet, Francis; Guy‐Grand, Bernard

doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0112

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most previous research has been conducted with the morning fasting state as baseline, but it is in the afternoon or evening that most obese individuals tend to report higher food intake. 50 Snack intake did not decrease the subsequent food intake, and serum leptin concentrations in accordance with previous studies 16,17,22 were not associated with post-snack satiety ratings. Hence, circulating leptin concentrations do not appear to be primary regulators of short-term satiety following a meal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] These studies found no relationship between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite sensations acutely after a meal in normal weight or obese individuals 16,17 or during 20 min food exposure in obese individuals. 18 Serum leptin was found to correlate with appetite sensations only during weight loss or maintenance induced by diet and exercise in obese individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite–satiety measures in obese women

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether moderate physical activity or snack intake influence appetite sensations and subsequent food intake in obese women. Associations between serum leptin and appetite ratings were also investigated. METHODS: In all, 10 obese women (mean age7s.d.: 50.078.5 y; mean body mass index (BMI)7s.d.: 37.276.5 kg m À2 ) were submitted in random order to three trials: Moderate physical activity (20 min brisk walking), Snack (58.5 g chocolatebased) and Control (sitting, TV-watching). Appetite and satiety were assessed by visual analogue scales, and serum leptin, blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids were measured at baseline, pre-and postintervention and 1 h postintervention (ie, before dinner). A buffet-style dinner was provided subsequent to the three trials. RESULTS: The moderate physical activity and snack intake both produced lower appetite and higher satiety and fullness perceptions, compared to control, following the intervention. No significant differences were found in subsequent food intake. Serum leptin concentrations did not differ between trials. Serum leptin was not associated with appetite or satiety sensations at any time during the control or the snack trials, but was correlated following moderate physical activity (prospective food consumption r s ¼ À0.83, P ¼ 0.003; hunger r s ¼ À0.79, P ¼ 0.007; desire to eat r s ¼ À0.69, P ¼ 0.02; satiety r s ¼ 0.71, P ¼ 0.02; fullness r s ¼ 0.66, P ¼ 0.04). These associations were not influenced by BMI or fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate physical activity and snack intake suppress the appetite of obese women acutely. The associations between circulating leptin and appetite-satiety ratings suggest leptin involvement in short-term appetite regulation in response to physical activity-induced factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite–satiety measures in obese women

et al. 2003

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“…Our results suggest that plasma leptin concentrations do not change acutely in response to meals and are in agreement with several other reports (20,21). Additionally, the finding that total AUC leptin concentrations, as well as the absence of changes periprandially, did not differ between the two meal groups does not support a role for leptin in regulating plasma ghrelin concentrations or leptin entrainment.…”

Section: Ghrelin and Appetitesupporting

confidence: 93%

Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans

Frecka

Mattes²

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Frecka JM, Mattes RD. Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294: G699-G707, 2008. First published January 10, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2007.-Ghrelin is reportedly a meal-initiation signal based on observations that concentrations increase before meals coincident with rising hunger. However, evidence that ghrelin peaks vary with feeding schedules suggests that it rises in anticipation of an expected meal, rather than eliciting feeding. To explore the entrainment of ghrelin profiles, this study investigated the association between varying habitual meal patterns and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Lean and obese adults following either a short intermeal interval (SII) pattern, with 2.5-3.5 h between their habitual breakfast and lunch times, or a long intermeal interval (LII) pattern, with 5.5-6.5 h between these eating occasions, participated. Food intake and appetite were recorded for 2 baseline days. On the subsequent test day, blood samples were collected over 8 h while participants ate a breakfast and lunch matched to their customary meals and pattern. Appetite ratings were obtained and ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin concentrations were measured. Peak ghrelin concentrations differed significantly by group and occurred prior to each group's respective lunch time. Ghrelin concentrations directly correlated with subjective hunger. This association was stronger when hunger preceded ghrelin, a pattern inconsistent with ghrelin causing the hunger rise. Ghrelin concentrations were inversely correlated with insulin, and peak insulin concentrations preceded nadir ghrelin concentrations postprandially. Ghrelin concentrations periprandially, and over the entire test session, did not differ by meal group, likely because of similar intakes between groups. These data demonstrate that the timing of ghrelin peaks is related to habitual meal patterns and may rise in anticipation of eating rather than eliciting feeding.hunger; appetite; food intake; satiety; gut hormone HORMONES SECRETED BY ADIPOSE tissue reportedly signal chronic adiposity whereas peptides secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas provide more acute signals that may influence eating behavior (44). Multiple peptides may mediate meal size and frequency (41), but only ghrelin is posited to stimulate hunger and initiate meal ingestion. Support for this role is multifold. Intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal ghrelin injections increase food intake and body weight in rodents (29,43). Additionally, infusion of anti-ghrelin antibodies into the rat brain suppresses fasting-induced feeding. However, food intake and responses to starvation do not differ between ghrelin-null mice and wild-type littermates (37), suggesting that the relationship between ghrelin and intake is not necessarily causal or absolute. In humans, ghrelin increases preprandially (8, 14, 35) followed by a postprandial decline (4), and infusions have increased energy intake by 28% (15, 42). Additionally,...

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“…Numerous studies have shown that the high leptin concentration in obese people is associated with excess rather than diminished food intake. Further, postprandial plasma leptin concentrations do not correlate with immediate subjective feelings of hunger and are not statistically significantly different between two meals that induce different effects on subjective feelings of hunger [43]. Another negative study reported that postprandial feelings of hunger do not differ statistically significantly between diets that contain either high-glycaemic or low-glycaemic index carbohydrates, even though the high-glycaemic index carbohydrate diet increased postprandial leptin concentrations [44].…”

Section: Appetite and Satietymentioning

confidence: 91%

Nutritional regulation of leptin in humans

Coleman

Herrmann

1999

Diabetologia

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OverviewPositional cloning of the defective gene in genetically obese ob/ob mice identified leptin as the long-sought hormone that communicates information about adipocyte metabolism to the brain [1]. Supplying leptin to genetically deficient ob/ob mice increases metabolic rate, body temperature and general activity and decreases food intake, body weight and adiposity [1±4]. Additionally, the importance of leptin to reproduction has been highlighted by the lack of sexual maturation in people who are genetically deficient in leptin [5] or the leptin receptor [6]. Although many of leptin's effects are centrally mediated, there is growing evidence that peripheral leptin receptors mediate leptin's proliferative effects on haemopoietic cells [7] and its anti-lipogenic effects on muscle and pancreatic islets [8,9].Because leptin has a critical role in regulating energy metabolism, adipose stores and body weight, questions have been raised concerning the control of leptin synthesis and secretion and the function of leptin in controlling satiety and food intake. Basal or fasting leptin values are higher in women than men, increase during the course of pregnancy and, in both healthy adults and those with Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus, are strongly correlated with per cent body fat or BMI [10,11] and adipose tissue mass [12±15]. Despite these strong correlations, people with similar degrees of adiposity have circulating leptin concentrations that vary considerably. Thus, factors other than adipocyte size and fat content must influence leptin production. Further, the regulation of leptin's diurnal pattern of secretion is still to be explained.In this review we summarize current data, primarily from human studies, that address the nutritional controls on leptin synthesis and secretion and point out fruitful areas for future study. Excellent recent reviews should be consulted for information on the leptin receptor, other aspects of leptin's effects, and the relation of leptin to other hormones that regulate food intake and energy expenditure [16±22]. Leptin regulation by fasting, refeeding and overfeedingFasting and refeeding. During short-term energy restriction, plasma leptin concentrations decrease much more than the amount of weight or adipose tissue lost. For example, lean and obese adults who fasted for 52 to 96 h lost less than 4 % of body weight but the leptin concentrations decreased 54 to 72 % [23±25]. In careful long-term studies of lean and obese people who were either losing weight or maintaining a defined weight loss, leptin concentrations were lower during the period of loss than the period of weight maintenance at the same body composition [26]. After a 4 day fast followed by an additional 6 days of fasting during which an intravenous infusion of 5 % glucose was given, leptin increased 80 % within the first 24 h, even though glucose provided only 338 kcal/day [25]. Although it is possible that the previous 4 day fast confounded these results [27], taken together, these studies suggest that ...

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Plasma Leptin and Hunger Ratings in Healthy Humans

Cited by 56 publications

References 32 publications

Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite–satiety measures in obese women

Moderate physical activity permits acute coupling between serum leptin and appetite–satiety measures in obese women

Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans

Nutritional regulation of leptin in humans

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