Plasma Levels of Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and Metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) as New Candidates for Tumor Biomarkers in Diagnostic of Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that mediate both physiological and pathological processes such as carcinogenesis. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and (MMP-7) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC) has been demonstrated, suggesting that they may be considered as potential markers of this condition. The aim of this study was to assess plasma concentrations and diagnostic utility of MMP-3 and MMP-7 in 100 patients with early-stage breast cancer with Luminal A subtype or Luminal B HER-negative subtype, before and after surgical treatment, and in the following control groups: patients with a benign tumor (fibroadenoma) and healthy subjects. The concentrations of MMP-3 and MMP-7 were referenced to the levels of the widely recognized marker for BC diagnosis CA 15-3. MMP-3 and MMP-7 was measured by ELISA method and CA 15-3 by CMIA. Plasma levels of MMP-7 were significantly higher in Luminal A and Luminal B HER2-negative subtype breast cancer patients as compared to the healthy group. MMP-7 demonstrated comparable but mostly higher to CA 15-3 or MMP-3 values of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and AUC (0.6888 for Luminal A subtype; 0.7612 for Luminal B HER2-negative; 0.7250 for BC total group, respectively) in the groups tested. The combined use of the tested parameters resulted in a further increase in diagnostic criteria and AUC. These results suggest the usefulness of combining MMP-7 with CA 15-3 in the diagnostics of breast cancer, especially in Luminal B HER2-negative subtypes patients, as a new candidate for tumor markers.

Diagnostic Utility of Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-11, MMP-26), HE4, CA125 and ROMA Algorithm in Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer

“…Today, modern oncology diagnostics focuses on early detection of cancer using minimally invasive methods such as determination of biomarkers from peripheral blood. Studies indicate the initial potential of biomarkers in the diagnosis of gynecologic cancers such as breast cancer [ 18 , 19 ], endometrial cancer [ 26 , 27 ] and cervical cancer [ 28 ]. Some reports also indicate the usefulness of various biomarkers in the diagnosis of OC [ 20 , 21 , 29 ].…”

“…Given the ever-increasing number of OC cases and deaths, it is expedient to seek new tests that would detect OC at an earlier stage, thereby improving the prognosis of patients—for example, through the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy [ 17 ]. Such postulated methods include the determination of tumor markers from peripheral blood [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

CXC ELR-Positive Chemokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer Patients

“…The tumor microenvironment and its components, including growth factors [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], chemokines [ 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], or matrix metalloproteinases [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], are of scientific interest for their potential diagnostic and prognostic factors and as potential therapeutic targets. The breast tumor stroma, however, is abundant in fibroblasts, which are one of the main sources of chemokines.…”