Plasma Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Derived Oxylipins Are Associated with Fecal Microbiota Composition in Young Adults

Abstract

Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in mice, but there is no information available in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins plasma levels and fecal microbiota composition in a cohort of young adults. 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old) were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of oxylipins were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that plasma levels of omega-3 derived oxylipins were positively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho ≥ 0.415, p ≤ 0.009) and negatively associated with the relative abundance of Sutterella genus (Proteobacteria phylum; rho ≥ −0.270, p ≤ 0.041), respectively. Moreover, plasma levels of omega-6 derived oxylipins were negatively associated with the relative abundance of Acidaminococcus and Phascolarctobacterium genera (Firmicutes phylum; all rho ≥ −0.263, p ≤ 0.024), as well as Sutterella, Succinivibrio, and Gemmiger genera (Proteobacteria phylum; all rho ≥ −0.263, p ≤ 0.024). Lastly, the ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins plasma levels was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho = −0.334, p = 0.004) and Butyricimonas genus (Bacteroidetes phylum; rho = −0.292, p = 0.014). In conclusion, our results show that the plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins are associated with the relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria genera.

Blueberry Intake Elevates Post-Exercise Anti- inflammatory Oxylipins: A Randomized Trial

“…If true, the change in gut microbiota diversity may amplify the generation of gut-derived phenolics linked to increased blueberry intake over time. The positive correlations between concentrations of urine blueberry gut-derived phenolics and post-exercise plasma DHA-LOX HDoHEs and SPM intermediates support this potential relationship [26,27]. These correlation data were significant only at the immediate postexercise time point and explained only a small proportion of the variance.…”

“…Underlying mechanisms are still being explored but limited data suggest that increases in gut-derived phenolics and changes in the gut microbiome from added polyphenol intake may influence oxylipin production through effects on related enzyme systems including cPLA2, CYP, sEH, LOX, and COX [26][27][28]. Human data are lacking but the available data suggest modulations of the gut microbiota with blueberry and anthocyanin ingestion [28].…”

Gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, and gallstone disease: a Mendelian randomization study

“…For instance, previous research has demonstrated that GM can lower Omega-3 PUFA levels by promoting the conversion of PUFA precursors like alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and hydrogenating conjugated alpha-linolenic acid (CALA) into saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid ( Jenkins et al, 2008 ; Shama and Liu, 2020 ). Xu H. et al research revealed that specific gut bacteria can increase the levels of omega-3 oxysphospholipids, derived from omega-3 PUFA, with potential benefits for both systemic and gut health ( Xu et al, 2022 ). Another earlier study has provided insights into how the GM produces enzymes involved in pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, thus enabling the conversion of PUFA in the gastrointestinal tract ( Kishino et al, 2013 ).…”

16S rRNA gene amplicon-based gut microbiome signature in cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective nested case-control pilot study

“…Thus, we hypothesize that the so-called dysbiosis involving genus Acidaminococcus associates with CVS throughout the in ammatory mediators in the vessel wall and could corroborate the in ammatory theory of CVS. Indeed, Acidaminococcus was negatively correlated with plasma levels of omega-6-derived oxylipins 39 , and importantly, oxylipins such as 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were reported to be involved in cerebral vasospasm following aSAH 40 -see Fig. 5.…”