Plasma membrane‐associated calcium signaling modulates cadmium transport

Abstract

Summary Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy element for plant growth and development, and plants have evolved many strategies to cope with Cd stress. However, the mechanisms how plants sense Cd stress and regulate the function of transporters remain very rudimentary. Here, we found that Cd stress induces obvious Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis roots. Furthermore, we identified the calcium‐dependent protein kinases CPK21 and CPK23 that interacted with the Cd transporter NRAMP6 through a variety of protein interaction techniques. Then, we confirmed that the cpk21 23 double mutants significantly enhanced the sensitive phenotype of cpk23 single mutant under Cd stress, while the overexpression and continuous activation of CPK21 and CPK23 enhanced plants tolerance to Cd stress. Multiple biochemical and physiological analyses in yeast and plants demonstrated that CPK21/23 phosphorylate NRAMP6 primarily at Ser489 and Thr505 to inhibit the Cd transport activity of NRAMP6, thereby improving the Cd tolerance of plants. Taken together, we found a plasma membrane‐associated calcium signaling that modulates Cd tolerance. These results provide new insights into the molecular breeding of crop tolerance to Cd stress.

Effect of Seed Priming with Cations on Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat Seedings under Cadmium-Contaminated Weakly Alkaline Soil

“…Previous research has suggested that Ca may play a role in reducing Cd absorption and translocation in rice through signal transduction from ACA . A recent study revealed that Ca-dependent protein kinases ( CPK 21 and CPK 23 ) act as Ca sensors and can improve Cd tolerance in plants by inhibiting the activity of the Cd transporter Nramp6 . This work suggested that seed priming can regulate Cd absorption by altering the expression levels of various ACAs pathways.…”

“…61 A recent study revealed that Cadependent protein kinases (CPK 21 and CPK 23) act as Ca sensors and can improve Cd tolerance in plants by inhibiting the activity of the Cd transporter Nramp6. 62 This work suggested that seed priming can regulate Cd absorption by altering the expression levels of various ACAs pathways. However, there is limited research on how Cd transporters react with ACAs regulation, and additional investigations are required in the future.…”

Spraying Zinc Sulfate to Reveal the Mechanism through the Glutathione Metabolic Pathway Regulates the Cadmium Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz)

“…Extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism of Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis plants [ 23 , 24 ]. Researchers have found that endo-beta mannase MAN7 can regulate Cd tolerance by regulating the cell wall binding capacity of Arabidopsis roots [ 23 ].…”

“…Researchers have found that endo-beta mannase MAN7 can regulate Cd tolerance by regulating the cell wall binding capacity of Arabidopsis roots [ 23 ]. In addition, Cd tolerance can be regulated by regulating calcium signal transduction related to the plasma membrane [ 24 ]. These results provide new insights for the molecular breeding of crops for Cd tolerance.…”

TaNRAMP3 is essential for manganese transport in Triticum aestivum

“…The Mn transporters possess different subcellular localization and functions, which are crucial for maintaining intracellular Mn homeostasis. In addition, the activities and locations of these Mn transporters are strictly and precise regulated by Ca 2+ signaling at the translation level (Zhang et al 2021b(Zhang et al , 2023aFu et al 2022;Ju et al 2022).…”