Plasma membrane effects of sphingolipid-synthesis inhibition by myriocin in CHO cells: a biophysical and lipidomic study

Abstract

Suppression of a specific gene effect can be achieved by genetic as well as chemical methods. Each approach may hide unexpected drawbacks, usually in the form of side effects. In the present study, the specific inhibitor myriocin was used to block serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme in the sphingolipid synthetic pathway, in CHO cells. The subsequent biophysical changes in plasma membranes were measured and compared with results obtained with a genetically modified CHO cell line containing a defective SPT (the LY-B cell line). Similar effects were observed with both approaches: sphingomyelin values were markedly decreased in myriocin-treated CHO cells and, in consequence, their membrane molecular order (measured as laurdan general polarization) and mechanical resistance (AFM-measured breakthrough force values) became lower than in the native, non-treated cells. Cells treated with myriocin reacted homeostatically to maintain membrane order, synthesizing more fully saturated and less polyunsaturated GPL than the non-treated ones, although they achieved it only partially, their plasma membranes remaining slightly more fluid and more penetrable than those from the control cells. The good agreement between results obtained with very different tools, such as genetically modified and chemically treated cells, reinforces the use of both methods and demonstrates that both are adequate for their intended use, i.e. the complete and specific inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis in CHO cells, without apparent unexpected effects.