Plasma neutrophil lipocalin, elastase‐α₁‐antitrypsin complex and neutrophil protease 4 in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) are associated with inflammation of the airways and interstitial tissue of the lung. It is hypothesized that RDS severity and the risk of developing CLD may be correlated with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a marker of leucocyte activity, human elastase-alpha1-antitrypsin complex (HEAT) or free and complexed neutrophil protease 4 (NP4), markers of proteolytic enzyme secretion from granulocytes. Thirty-three preterm infants with RDS were enrolled in the study and plasma sampled between 3 and 14 days of life. NGAL, HEAT and NP4 concentrations varied widely in infants with RDS. Significant correlations between subsequent development of CLD and plasma concentrations of HEAT and NP4, respectively, were found on days 3-4 of life, p=0.006 and p=0.02, respectively.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a New Biomarker for Non – Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Diseases

“…NGAL, together with protein C and interleukin-1 receptor, forms the optimal 3-marker panel to assess risk of organ dysfunction, shock and mortality in suspected sepsis [64]. Plasma NGAL levels showed no statistical difference in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced pancreatitis [65] and preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome [66].…”

Using NGAL as an Early Diagnostic Test of Acute Kidney Injury

“…22 The increasing NGAL levels with CKD stage is another factor limiting usefulness in differentiating between AKI, acute-on-chronic, and CKD in patients with an unknown etiology of kidney injury and previously increased serum creatinine concentrations that went undetected prior to a suspected recent injury. 35 …”

Onset of Mechanical Ventilation Is Associated With Rapid Activation of Circulating Phagocytes in Preterm Infants

“…P RETERM INFANTS WHO need mechanical ventilation because of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) develop signs of pulmonary [1][2][3][4][5] and systemic [6][7][8][9] inflammation. Pulmonary inflammation is characterized by neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in the lungs [3][4][5] and high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.…”