Plasma surface modification of metallic biomaterials

Remanufacturing and Advanced Machining Processes for New Materials and Components

“…Ion implantation techniques introduce elements into target surfaces through implantation of ions that are typically accelerated to energies between 20 and 200 keV. This process operates in a high-vacuum environment and the ions are able to penetrate solid materials up to the depth of several nanometers, which increases as bias voltage rises (Gan and Berndt, 2015). One of the most valuable aspects of ion implantation consists in creating surface layers with enhanced wear or corrosion resistance without significant dimensional changes.…”

Synthesis, surface modifications, and biomedical applications of carbon nanofibers: Electrospun vs vapor-grown carbon nanofibers

“…Other CNF surface modification techniques such as plasma polymerization [57] may also be employed. This technique involves the formation of high-molecular-weight deposits (polymers) via activating monomers using an energetic plasma species [58]. The plasma source (i.e., UV) induces radical formation, which may recombine to form polymers [58].…”

“…This technique involves the formation of high-molecular-weight deposits (polymers) via activating monomers using an energetic plasma species [58]. The plasma source (i.e., UV) induces radical formation, which may recombine to form polymers [58]. The plasma polymerization technique was demonstrated in the study Pastine, Okawa [57], where surface modification via UV-triggered attachment of perfluoroarylazides was undertaken.…”

Structural transformations in TiC-CaO-Ti3PO(x)-(Ag2Ca) electrodes and biocompatible TiCaPCO(N)-(Ag) coatings during pulsed electrospark deposition

“…The chemical etching is often conducted with toxic components, which requires additional operations in order to neutralize and remove them. The selective laser deposition and plasma sputtering methods can form undesirable powder microparticles or solidified drops on the implant surface, which negatively affect the adhesion of cells [7][8][9][10][11]. At the same time, the pulsed electrospark deposition (PED) method was successfully applied in order to deposit coatings with high thickness, continuity, and surface roughness, as well as improved chemical and mechanical properties [12].…”