Plasma technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion toward an electrified biorefinery

Dimitrakellis, Panagiotis; Delikonstantis, Evangelos; Stefanidis, Georgios D.; Vlachos, Dionisios G.

doi:10.1039/d1gc03436g

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 327 publications

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“…Plasma is a partially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, radicals, excited species, and neutral molecules . It is regarded as the fourth state of matter beyond solid, liquid, and gas.…”

Section: Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma is a partially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, radicals, excited species, and neutral molecules. 32 It is regarded as the fourth state of matter beyond solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma in a laboratory is usually produced by gas discharge and can be divided into thermal plasma and nonthermal plasma according to the relative temperatures of electrons, ions, and neutral particles.…”

Section: ■ Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44,45 The nonthermal plasma is far from thermodynamic equilibrium because electrons have higher temperatures, while ions and neutral particles have temperatures much lower than electrons, sometimes even close to the ambient temperature. 32 Nonthermal plasma can be generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), which is a nonequilibrium gas discharge with a dielectric inserted into the discharge space. Peng and co-workers first achieved hydrogenolysis of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) to C1−C3 hydrocarbons at ambient condition using nonthermal plasma with a selectivity greater than 95%.…”

Section: ■ Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plastic pyrolysis/gasification with thermal plasma has been frequently reported by previous researchers. − Although plasma pyrolysis/gasification technology has been widely used in the chemical recycling of plastics, it often requires high-temperature or even high-pressure conditions due to limitations in the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction. Recently, Peng and co-workers have realized waste plastic upcycling under mild conditions using nonthermal plasma technology. , The nonthermal plasma is far from thermodynamic equilibrium because electrons have higher temperatures, while ions and neutral particles have temperatures much lower than electrons, sometimes even close to the ambient temperature . Nonthermal plasma can be generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), which is a nonequilibrium gas discharge with a dielectric inserted into the discharge space.…”

Section: Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emerging Technologies for Waste Plastic Treatment

Tan

Xie

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The existence of waste plastics and microplastics has caused serious pollution to the ecological environment. Harsh reaction conditions or long reaction time are typically required for the current waste plastic treatment technologies, resulting in high energy consumption and capital cost. Recently, plasma, Fenton, and electrochemical technologies have emerged to upcycle waste plastics under mild conditions and remove microplastics efficiently. The fundamentals and applications of plasma, Fenton, and electrochemical technologies in waste plastic treatment are reviewed. The prospects of these emerging technologies are also discussed, aiming to provide the scientific background, application status, and technical challenges for these emerging technologies for waste plastic treatment.

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Section: Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasma Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Emerging Technologies for Waste Plastic Treatment

Tan

Xie

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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show abstract

“…In plasma-based chemistry, gas discharge plasmas, generated from different power sources, provide a highenergy state that initiates ionization or electron impactinduced chemical reactions. The main applications in sustainable chemistry involve, for instance, the treatment and modification of biomass, and the destruction of waste and pollutants (Bruggeman et al, 2016;Dimitrakellis et al, 2022). To extend the discussion of cold plasma, this type of technique can rely on a few methods to generate RT plasma; low pressure glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), corona and plasma jets (Hippler et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cold Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Process intensification in continuous flow organic synthesis with enabling and hybrid technologies

et al. 2022

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Industrial organic synthesis is time and energy consuming, and generates substantial waste. Traditional conductive heating and mixing in batch reactors is no longer competitive with continuous-flow synthetic methods and enabling technologies that can strongly promote reaction kinetics. These advances lead to faster and simplified downstream processes with easier workup, purification and process scale-up. In the current Industry 4.0 revolution, new advances that are based on cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence will be able to optimize and invigorate synthetic processes by connecting cascade reactors with continuous in-line monitoring and even predict solutions in case of unforeseen events. Alternative energy sources, such as dielectric and ohmic heating, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, reactive extruders and plasma have revolutionized standard procedures. So-called hybrid or hyphenated techniques, where the combination of two different energy sources often generates synergistic effects, are also worthy of mention. Herein, we report our consolidated experience of all of these alternative techniques.

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A comprehensive review of the application of cold plasma technology in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

Abolore,

Jaiswal,

Jaiswal

2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a promising feedstock for the sustainable production of biofuels and other biobased products, owing to its abundance, low cost, and minimal competition with food crops for resources. It is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, forming a complex biomass matrix. Its utilization is hindered by its complex structure and pretreatment is required to break down the chemical resistance caused by the strong association between the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structures. Conventional methods such as acid and alkali pretreatment are used frequently but they require the use of high temperatures, high pressure, and corrosive chemicals. This has encouraged research into environmentally friendly pretreatments to overcome these challenges. Recently, cold plasma (CP) technology has emerged as a promising alternative to the aggressive conventional methods for producing value‐added products, such as biofuels, and renewable chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Cold plasma technology uses electricity to generate a highly reactive, ionized gas in a variety of applications without producing any dangerous or polluting compounds. This review discusses the application of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in the biochemical conversion of biomass, with a focus on delignification, detoxification of biomass hydrolysate, surface modifications, and process intensification of cellulosic ethanol production.

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Plasma technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion toward an electrified biorefinery

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to renewable, carbon-neutral materials, fuels, and chemicals is the cornerstone of the transition to a sustainable future bioeconomy. To realize small-scale, economically viable and low environmental impact...

Cited by 31 publications

References 327 publications

Emerging Technologies for Waste Plastic Treatment

Emerging Technologies for Waste Plastic Treatment

Process intensification in continuous flow organic synthesis with enabling and hybrid technologies

A comprehensive review of the application of cold plasma technology in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

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