Plasma Technology

Abstract

Plasma can be broadly defined as a state of matter in which a significant number of the atoms and/or molecules are electrically charged or ionized, but the numbers of charges, both negative and positive, are equal. Plasma technology involves the use of these natural or artificially produced plasmas, whether gases, solid, or liquid. Plasmas range in size and density from wisps of interstellar matter to those that exist within the solids used in solid‐state technologies to those that are the unimaginably dense and hot interiors of stars. Plasmas can be as natural as lightning or the aurora borealis, or artificially produced, such as the flashes resulting from thermonuclear fusion experiments. Production of plasmas, modification and possible dissipation, as well as the diagnostics for examining plasmas of various types are included. Differences between gaseous plasmas and plasmas in condensed matter are examined. Uses of plasma include radiation sources, plasma chemistry, chemical analysis, plasma processing, surface modification, plasma polymerization, materials production, energy production, guns and missiles, explosives, weapons, communications, and space travel. Ongoing research in several areas points to a bright future for plasma technology.

Plasma gasification of the medical waste

“…During the transformation of a substance into the plasma phase, there are various chemical reactions, comprised of ionization, dissociation, and reassociation chains occurred in the fluid medium, which causes thermal dissociation of a substance. Through these features, thermal plasma generators are widely used in the energy industry for thermal processes, requiring high temperatures such as burning and pyrolysis [ 28 , 29 ]. Plasma generators commonly used in plasma gasifiers can be indicated as microwave plasma torches (magnetrons, klystrons, etc), and transferred/non-transferred arc plasma torches [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ].…”

Evaluating the Thermodynamic Consistency of Experimental Data for HF + H2O at 101.325 kPa

“…Anhydrous HF is mainly used as the source of fluorine ions in the production of fluorocarbons. Some fluorocarbon products include refrigerants, foam-blowing agents, seals, and coatings . Other primary applications of anhydrous HF include fluorine ion derivative production, catalysis, and cleaning agents.…”