“…Roughness structure preparation refers to constructing specific micro-scale structures, such as micro-dimples or micro-grooves, on the material’s surface, which serve as a surface modification to improve the surface properties of the material [8,9,10]. At present, there are several methods to construct micro-scale structures on the surface of Al alloys, which can be generally divided into mechanical machining, energy beam etching, and coating techniques [11,12,13,14]. In recent years, as a promising method to controllably prepare roughness structures, laser treatment has shown numerous advantages, such as high efficiency, environmental friendliness, low-cost, convenience, and facile operation [15,16,17,18].…”