“…For example, syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate are released from the tissue and can be detected in the circulating blood of patients with perioperative global or regional ischemia (85,100). In addition, release of the endothelial proteoglycan thrombomodulin in diabetes has been shown to coincide with diabetic nephropathy (40,76). We demonstrated that patients with renal failure have increased circulating levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin, which was reversed by kidney transplantation (110).…”
Section: Studying the Endothelial Glycocalyxmentioning
Dane MJ, van den Berg BM, Lee DH, Boels MG, Tiemeier GL, Avramut MC, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Vlag J, Vink H, Rabelink TJ. A microscopic view on the renal endothelial glycocalyx.
“…For example, syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate are released from the tissue and can be detected in the circulating blood of patients with perioperative global or regional ischemia (85,100). In addition, release of the endothelial proteoglycan thrombomodulin in diabetes has been shown to coincide with diabetic nephropathy (40,76). We demonstrated that patients with renal failure have increased circulating levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin, which was reversed by kidney transplantation (110).…”
Section: Studying the Endothelial Glycocalyxmentioning
Dane MJ, van den Berg BM, Lee DH, Boels MG, Tiemeier GL, Avramut MC, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Vlag J, Vink H, Rabelink TJ. A microscopic view on the renal endothelial glycocalyx.
“…It seems likely, therefore, that blood TM levels are also affected by renal dysfunction. In fact, a significant positive correlation between plasma TM and serum Cr levels has been reported in diabetic patients and patients with renal transplants [12,14,15]. In the present study, only PGD and lupus GN patients whose serum Cr levels were 3 mg/dl or less served as subjects so that we could assess the relationship between plasma TM and serum Cr in these two different types of glomerular disease in the same range of renal function without advanced renal function.…”
Although thrombomodulin (TM) in circulating blood is regarded as an indicator of vascular endothelial disorders, blood TM levels are also known to be affected by renal dysfunction. We measured plasma TM levels in primary glomerular disease (PGD) and lupus glomerulonephritis (GN) with the EIA method, and assessed the extent to which renal dysfunction and endothelial disorders contribute to plasma TM levels in these diseases. The plasma TM/serum creatinine (TM/Cr) ratio was significantly higher in lupus GN patients than in PGD patients or normal controls. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma TM and serum Cr levels in both PGD and lupus GN patients, but the slope (A) of the regression line (TM = A • Cr + B) in lupus GN patients was significantly steeper than in PGD patients. We conclude that plasma TM levels are greatly influenced by renal dysfunction, but that not only renal dysfunction but endothelial disorders may be an important determinant of increased plasma TM levels in diseases such as lupus GN.
“…It is formed as a complex with thrombin which is responsible for the vas cular endothelium antithrombotic action through promo tion of the protein C activation [1], However, in recent years, it has become evident that plasma TM reflects vas cular endothelial cell injury, and its action in various dis eases has been confirmed [2][3][4][5][6]. It has also been reported that the plasma TM levels are high in chronic hemodialy sis (HD) patients [4], but its clinical significance is not sufficiently clear.…”
In 144 patients on hemodialysis (76 males and 68 females, median age 55.7 ± 14.1 years, mean period on dialysis 44.1 ± 33.3 months), thrombomodulin was determined by enzyme immunoassay prior to initiation of hemodialysis. The results showed that the mean thrombomodulin value of hemodialysis patients was 13.59 ± 3.63 ng/ml which was significantly higher than the control value (3.20 ± 0.90 ng/ml). The thrombomodulin values were significantly higher in patients with blood access failure (15.27 ± 4.45 ng/ml) than in those without (13.11 ± 3.31 ng/ml), and the rate of blood access failures was also significantly higher in those with thrombomodulin values of 15.0 ng/ml or higher than in those with values < 15.0 ng/ml. It was evident that there is a higher risk of blood access failure in patients with severe systemic vascular endothelial injury, and thrombomodulin is a useful marker of such an injury.
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