Plasma thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels in blood of chicken embryos and post hatch chickens exposed during incubation to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field

Abstract

Introduction: This study attempted to determine the effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) (only carrier frequency) on thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in the blood plasma of chick embryos, and to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure during embryogenesis on the level of these hormones in birds that are ready for slaughter. Material and Methods: Throughout the incubation period, embryos from the experimental group were exposed to a 1800 MHz EMF with power density of 0.1 W/m 2 , 10 times during 24 h for 4 min. Blood samples were collected to determine T 4 , T 3 and CORT concentrations on the 12th (E12) and 18th (E18) day of incubation, from newly hatched chicks (D1) and from birds ready for slaughter (D42). Results: The experiment showed that T 4 and T 3 concentrations decreased markedly and CORT levels increased in the embryos and in the newly hatched chicks exposed to EMF during embryogenesis. However, no changes were found in the level of the analyzed hormones in the birds ready for slaughter. Differences in T 4 and T 3 plasma concentrations between the EMF-exposed group and the embryos incubated without additional EMF were the highest in the newly hatched chicks, which may be indicative of the cumulative effect of electromagnetic field on the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). Discussion: The obtained results suggest that additional 1800 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic field inhibits function of HPT axis, however, it stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by inducing adrenal steroidogenic cells to synthesize corticosterone. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which radio EMFs affect HPT and HPA axis function in the chicken embryos. Key words: Electromagnetic fields, Mobile phone, Thyroid hormone, Corticosterone, Chicken embryoThis study was performed under the project NN311536340 Chicken embryo as a model in the studies on the influence of radio frequency electromagnetic fields on the embryogenesis process and DS 3210/KHDZFiZ. Manager of project: Krzysztof Pawlak, PhD.

Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice

“…Although, in this study, the testosterone/follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration was determined, one important finding, thinning of germinal epithelium (Figure 1(b)), was also reported by other workers, which demonstrated altered testosterone and FSH levels upon RFR exposure (Ozguner et al, 2005;Sarookhani et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2003). The adverse effect of mobile phones on thyroid axis function has been reported previously in rodent models (Eşmekaya et al, 2010;Sinha, 2008), which could act as a double edged sword one-way inhibiting FSH and testosterone production (Jin et al, 2013;Pawlak et al, 2014) and the other way, downregulating sertoli cell (Chandra et al, 2013) and Leydig cell (Mendis-Handagama and Hence, the possibility that RFR interfers with the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis thereby affecting sertoli cell function could not be ruled out.…”

Developmental exposure to a mixture of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) affects the thyroid hormone system and the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken

“…fraction not bound to blood carrier proteins) were analyzed on E18. This is three days before anticipated hatching and at a stage of development when the thyroid hormone levels are sharply rising 35,38 . Both fT3 and fT4 were significantly reduced by the highest dose of the PFAA mixture (3 µg/g egg) compared to the vehicle control.…”

Association Between Mobile Phone Radiation Exposure and the Secretion of Melatonin and Cortisol, Two Markers of the Circadian System: A Review

“…In any case, this deserves special attention and a detailed comparative study. Although direct effect of RF‐EMF exposure on melatonin has not been confirmed, several studies in the literature reported a potential protective effect of melatonin against the adverse effects induced by RF‐EMF exposure, such as oxidative stress [Kerman et al, 2005; Ozguner et al, 2005a; Köylü et al, 2006; Ozguner et al, 2006; Sokolovic et al, 2008; Kesari et al, 2012; Naziroğlu et al, 2012; Aynali et al, 2013; Sokolovic et al, 2013; Meena et al, 2014; Oksay et al, 2014; Tök et al, 2014; Djordjevic et al, 2015; Sokolovic et al, 2015; Gumral et al, 2016; Pandey and Giri 2018], DNA damage [Lai and Singh, 1997; Liu et al, 2013; Sokolovic et al, 2015; Pandey and Giri, 2018], neuroprotective effects [Erdem Koc et al, 2016], histopathologic changes in skin [Ayata et al, 2004; Ozguner et al, 2004), and adverse effects of EMF on the kidneys [Oktem et al, 2005; Ozguner et al, 2005b; Ulubay et al, 2015] or liver [Gökcimen et al, 2002]. Even though melatonin secretion is not affected by RF‐EMF exposure, it seems to play an important role in the protection of the organism from oxidative stress induced by RF‐EMF exposure.…”