Plasma-wall interactions and plasma behaviour in fusion devices with liquid lithium plasma facing components

Мирнов, С. В.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.228

Cited by 76 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As part of the application of liquid metals, stabilizing concepts have hence been proposed including the use of capillary action to counteract disruption and jxB forces. cooled structure together with a liquid metal reservoir is used in the so called Capillary Porous System (CPS) [15,27,16,9,13,28,12]. To facilitate capillary action, the open radius of the porous structure or mesh is typical in the sub-mm range (10 − 200µm).…”

Section: The Capillary Porous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metals as alternative solution for the power exhaust of future fusion devices: status and perspective

Coenen

Temmerman

Federici³

et al. 2014

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Applying liquid metals as Plasma Facing Components for fusion powerexhaust can potentially ameliorate lifetime issues as well as limitations to the maximum allowed surface heat loads by allowing for a more direct contact with the coolant. The material choice has so far been focused on lithium (Li) as it showed beneficial impact on plasma operation. Here materials such as tin (Sn), gallium (Ga) and aluminum (Al) are discussed as alternatives potentially allowing higher operating temperatures without strong evaporation. Power loads of up to 25MW/m 2 for a Sn/W component can be envisioned based on calculations and modeling. Reaching a higher operating temperature due to material re-deposition will be discussed. Liquids are typically facing stability issues due to j × B forces, potential pressure and MHD driven instabilities. The Capillary Porous System is used for stabilization by a mesh (W,Mo) substrate and replenishment by means of capillary action.

show abstract

Section: The Capillary Porous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metals as alternative solution for the power exhaust of future fusion devices: status and perspective

Coenen

Temmerman

Federici³

et al. 2014

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the current knowledge, tungsten and tungstenbased alloys have been presented as the only recognized option [1], although different innovative solutions have been proposed [2]. Another route favours the use of liquid metals (Li, Ga) but although the experimental results to date are encouraging [3], the use of large surfaces of liquid metals as PFM is technologically challenging. Carbon-based materials, on the other hand, which have been used extensively in modern tokamaks (graphite, CFC) due to their good thermal properties and low atomic number, are not suitable for a reactor due to poor performance regarding erosion, retention and neutrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of diamond surfaces with fusion relevant plasmas

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The outstanding thermal properties of diamond and its low reactivity towards hydrogen may make it an attractive plasma-facing material for fusion and calls for a proper evaluation of its behaviour under exposure to fusion-relevant plasma conditions. Micro and nanocrystalline diamond layers, deposited on Mo and Si substrates by hot filament chemical vapour deposition (CVD), have been exposed both in tokamaks and in linear plasma devices to measure the erosion rate of diamond and study the modification of the surface properties induced by particle bombardment. Experiments in Pilot-PSI and PISCES-B have shown that the sputtering yield of diamond (both physical and chemical) was a factor of 2 lower than that of graphite. Exposure to detached plasma conditions in the DIII-D tokamak have evidenced a strong resistance of diamond against erosion under those conditions.

show abstract

“…A summary of results from fusion experiments with liquid lithium PFCs has recently been published. 32 …”

Section: Lithium Wall Conditioning and Liquid Lithium Pfc Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal Walls, Lithium, And Low Recycling Boundary Conditions In Tokamaks

Majeski¹

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. At present, the only solid material believed to be a viable option for plasma-facing components (PFCs) in a fusion reactor is tungsten. Operated at the lower temperatures typical of present-day fusion experiments, tungsten is known to suffer from surface degradation during long-term exposure to helium-containing plasmas, leading to reduced thermal conduction to the bulk, and enhanced erosion. Existing alloys are also quite brittle at temperatures under 700°C. However, at a sufficiently high operating temperature (700 -1000 °C), tungsten is selfannealing and it is expected that surface damage will be reduced to the point where tungsten PFCs will have an acceptable lifetime in a reactor environment.The existence of only one potentially viable option for solid PFCs, though, constitutes one of the most significant restrictions on design space for DEMO and follow-on fusion reactors. In contrast, there are several candidates for liquid metal-based PFCs, including gallium, tin, lithium, and tin-lithium eutectics. We will discuss options for liquid metal walls in tokamaks, looking at both high and low recycling materials. We will then focus in particular on one of the candidate liquids, lithium.Lithium is known to have a high chemical affinity for hydrogen, and has been shown in test stands 1 and fusion experiments 2,3 to produce a low recycling surface, especially when liquid. Because it is also low-Z and is usable in a tokamak over a reasonable temperature range (200 -400 °C), it has been now been used as a PFC in several confinement experiments (TFTR, T11-M, CDX-U, NSTX, FTU, and TJ-II), with favorable results. The consequences of substituting low recycling walls for the traditional high recycling variety on tokamak equilibria are very extensive. We will discuss some of the expected modifications, briefly reviewing experimental results, and comparing the results to expectations.

show abstract

Plasma-wall interactions and plasma behaviour in fusion devices with liquid lithium plasma facing components

Cited by 76 publications

References 15 publications

Liquid metals as alternative solution for the power exhaust of future fusion devices: status and perspective

Liquid metals as alternative solution for the power exhaust of future fusion devices: status and perspective

Interactions of diamond surfaces with fusion relevant plasmas

Liquid Metal Walls, Lithium, And Low Recycling Boundary Conditions In Tokamaks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About