Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

AlSheef, Mohammed; Abuzied, Yacoub; Aleid, Bakhitah; Shafi, Noura; Al-Shakweer, Wafaa; Zaidi, Abdul Rehman Zia

doi:10.7759/cureus.30732

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This case report describes a rare condition: pneumonia and bronchiectasis due to Aspergillus sydowii in an adult patient. Pulmonary aspergillosis refers to the clinical spectrum of lung disease caused by several Aspergillus spp [ 1 , 2 ]. Although there are hundreds of species of Aspergillus in nature, only a few of them can cause infection in patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are hundreds of species of Aspergillus in nature, only a few of them can cause infection in patients. Among these, A. fumigatus is the most common cause of infections, followed by A. flavus and A. niger [ 2 , 3 ]. Despite advances in diagnostic methods and therapy, mortality rates remain high, especially in severely immunosuppressed subjects [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncommon Occurrence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus sydowii: A Case Report

Nagashima,

Nagato,

Kobori

et al. 2023

Cureus

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This case report presents an unusual occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus sydowii in a 26-year-old male patient. The patient is from Nepal and had no significant medical history and was previously in good health. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed localized bronchiectasis primarily in the left inferior lingular segment and the left lower lobe. Subsequently, bronchial lavage fluid was collected, and a comprehensive culture examination was conducted to confirm the cause of the infection. While Aspergillus fumigatus typically predominates as the cause of pulmonary aspergillosis, our bronchial lavage fluid culture revealed the presence of a filamentous fungus, identified as Aspergillus sydowii through molecular analysis. Thus, we conclusively identified this particular strain of fungus as the etiological factor behind the patient's condition. Notably, pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus sydowii is exceedingly rare, and we present this case alongside relevant prior data for comprehensive clinical insight. This case underscores the clinical significance of Aspergillus sydowii as a fungal pathogen, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and managing fungal infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncommon Occurrence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus sydowii: A Case Report

Nagashima,

Nagato,

Kobori

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Submandibular Region Diagnosed by FNAC: A Case Report and Literature Review

de Aquino,

de Cáceres,

Bezerra

et al. 2024

Cytopathology

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ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a literature review of FNAC‐diagnosed plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) cases and present a case of PBL in an HIV patient diagnosed by FNAC.MethodsA literature review was conducted across eight databases to compile information on FNAC‐diagnosed PBL cases without restricting the site of involvement.ResultsThe literature review included 23 PBL, with 13 (56.5%) affecting head and neck region. The mean age of patients was 49 years, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.9:1, and 13 (56.5%) patients were HIV positive. Ten (43.5%) of 23 patients tested positive for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Twenty‐one FNAC procedures and two cytological smears were performed. Plasmacytoid/plasmablastic morphology was described in seven cases (30.4%). Large cells were observed in 17 cases (73.9%). Pleomorphism was noted in 10 cases (43.5%). A cytological diagnosis of malignancy was achieved in 91.3% of cases. In 20 cases assessed for concordance, complete agreement was found in 8 cases (34.8%), while discordance was noted in 12 cases (65.2%). We also report a case of PBL diagnosed via FNAC in a 55‐year‐old male patient who presented with a painful, hard, nonmobile mass in the left submandibular region, approximately 10 cm in size, with 1 month of evolution. FNAC was performed, and cytologic smears, along with cell block (CB) preparations, were made. After staining with Diff‐Quik, HE and Papanicolaou stain, numerous cells exhibiting plasmacytic morphology were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed negativity for LCA, CD3, CD20, Pax5, CD79a, ALK and HHV‐8, and positivity for CD138, MUM1 and Ki‐67 (100%). EBV positivity was also confirmed, leading to a diagnosis of PBL.ConclusionThis study highlights the efficacy of FNAC in diagnosing PBL. The immunophenotypic profile and morphological features observed through FNAC, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridisation, were crucial for an accurate diagnosis. The literature review underscores the value of FNAC as a diagnostic tool for PBL, demonstrating a high rate of cytological diagnosis and significant cytohistological concordance.

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Cardiac Tamponade Due to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma/Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient

Kaul,

Kelley,

Patel

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, present predominantly in immunosuppressed individuals, particularly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although the incidence of HIV-positive vs HIV-negative PBL is unknown, a literature review vastly associates it with immunocompromised status. Primarily seen in the male population in approximately 75% of reported cases, PBL has a well-established clinical presentation of one or two extra-nodal masses, generally in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of a 93-year-old female without any evidence of HIV infection or extra-nodal mass who presented with shortness of breath due to a large malignant pericardial effusion that evolved into a tamponade. Plasmablastic lymphoma is one of the few reported in HIV-negative individuals, and its unique presentation as a pericardial effusion without extranodal mass makes its suspicion less apparent. However, awareness of this entity, comprehensive immunohistochemistry, and most importantly, correlation with clinical presentation is the cornerstone to establishing a correct diagnosis.

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Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Uncommon Occurrence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus sydowii: A Case Report

Uncommon Occurrence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus sydowii: A Case Report

Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Submandibular Region Diagnosed by FNAC: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cardiac Tamponade Due to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma/Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient

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