Plasmalogens of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are associated with coronary artery disease and anti-apoptotic activity of HDL

Statin action enriches HDL3 in polyunsaturated phospholipids and plasmalogens and reduces LDL-derived phospholipid hydroperoxides in atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia

“…scavenging ROS via the vinyl-ether moiety (33)(34)(35)(36). Plasmalogens are consumed during this reaction, leading to the conclusion that they spare the oxidation of unsaturated esterified fatty acids in diacylglycerophospholipids such as PC and PE (33,35,36,55); our present experimental findings confirm major loss of plasmalogens over the oxidation time course.…”

“…Indeed, both absolute levels and profiles of total PC-P + PE-P(20:4) and PC-P + PE-P(22:6) at D0 and at D180 in native LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 obtained by LC/MS closely resembled those quantitated as total plasmalogen by HPLC protects against the action of a wide spectrum of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuates LDL oxidation in part by removal of seeding LOOH species (21,22,24,26,27,32,34,51). Central to HDL-mediated antioxidative activity is the direct reduction of LOOHs by methionine residues of apoAI and apoAII, with conversion to residuespecific methionine sulfoxides (apoAI + 16, apoAI + 32, and apoAII + 16) (21,(30)(31)(32).…”

“…Indeed, it is of immediate relevance that the oxidative products of plasmalogens do not propagate lipid peroxidation, thereby attenuating formation of proatherogenic secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes (33,35,36). In clinical studies, plasmalogen levels were correlated not only with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but also with the antiapoptotic activity of HDL (34). Furthermore, as oxidative modification of LDL particles is central to the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease, it is relevant that LDL enrichment in plasmalogens leads to prolongation of the lag phase for conjugated diene (CD) formation during copper-mediated oxidation (37,38).…”

“…Equally, however, evidence is emerging that HDL-associated plasmalogens, PLs containing a vinylether bond of high oxidative susceptibility, are implicated in this potentially antiatherogenic process (26,(33)(34)(35). Indeed, it is of immediate relevance that the oxidative products of plasmalogens do not propagate lipid peroxidation, thereby attenuating formation of proatherogenic secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes (33,35,36).…”

【Original Contribution】 Plasma and Erythrocyte Membrane Plasmalogen Diminished in Severe Atherosclerotic Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy

“…The area of pl-PE in the erythrocyte membrane of the atherosclerotic group was significantly reduced relative to the area in the control group (Table 2), which is compatible to the current studies demonstrating antiatherogenic, anti-apoptotic actions of plasmalogen 23,24) . It is controversial concerning whether diminished erythrocyte membrane plasmalogen is the cause or the result of severe atherosclerosis requiring endovascular therapy.…”