Plasmid-determined resistance to antimicrobial drugs and toxic metal ions in bacteria.

Foster, Timothy J.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.47.3.361-409.1983

Cited by 293 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 242 publications

(436 reference statements)

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“…These were selected because they were representative of antibiotics used in local medical and veterinary practice and also covered the four principal mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (Ab'), i.e. alteration of the target site (Em), modification (detoxification) (Ap, Cm), prevention of accumulation (Ot, Sm) and enzyme substitution (Cx) (Hardy 1981;Foster 1983). In later surveys the cotrimoxazole was replaced by kanamycin (Km).…”

Section: A N T I B I O T I C S E N S I T I V I T Y T E S T I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English Lake District

Jones

Gardener

Simon

et al. 1986

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The incidence of antibiotic resistance was determined in over 2000 bacteria which were divided into the following groups: faecal streptococci, coliforms (excluding Escherichia coli), E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and aquatic bacteria (i.e. bacteria predominant in the lake water which were excluded from the previous four categories). The isolates were obtained from the water of Windermere (English Lake District) and from a sewage effluent which entered the lake. With the exception of the faecal streptococci, the incidence of antibiotic resistance was higher in the bacteria isolated from the lake water than in those from the effluent, and ranked according to groups Pseudomonas spp. greater than E. coli greater than aquatic bacteria greater than coliforms greater than faecal streptococci. The highest incidence of multiple resistance was found among the pseudomonads. When corrected for the relative size of each population the pool of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic bacteria was by far the largest. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in aquatic bacteria isolated from Windermere was, however, lower than in those isolated from two remote upland tarns. This finding may have been due to differences in the species composition of the three sites except that the same results were obtained when only fluorescent pseudomonads were tested. The upland tarns were not totally isolated from man and other animals but did not receive any sewage or other effluents and therefore the results were surprising. Possible explanations include a lack of susceptibility in aquatic bacteria and increased resistance associated with growth in nutrient poor environments.

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Section: A N T I B I O T I C S E N S I T I V I T Y T E S T I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English Lake District

Jones

Gardener

Simon

et al. 1986

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…In fact, there are fundamental differences between the resistance to antibacterial agents such as antibiotics and to heavy metals. Although these differences are of ecological importance they have not been adequately discussed [31]. Antibiotics have very special target sites whose alteration by mutation may cause resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel and cobalt resistance of various bacteria isolated from soil and highly polluted domestic and industrial wastes

Schmidt¹

1989

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Of the hundreds of plasmids identified, many carry one or more genes that alter the phenotype of the host cell. These specialized genes include determinants specifying bacteriocins, resistance to heavy metal ions and antibiotics, virulence and adhesion antigens, and ability to metabolize growth substances like lactose and citrate (Jacob et al 1977;Konisky 1982;Foster 1983;Brubaker 1985). Thus plasmids can contribute to their hosts a pool of extrachromosomal genes that are inessential to basic metabolism but are of strong adaptive value in particular environments.…”

Section: 2 E N T E R O B a C T E R I A L P L A S M I D G R O U P S mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization and plasticity of enterobacterial genomes

Wilkins¹

1988

J Appl Microbiol

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Plasmid-determined resistance to antimicrobial drugs and toxic metal ions in bacteria.

Cited by 293 publications

References 242 publications

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English Lake District

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English Lake District

Nickel and cobalt resistance of various bacteria isolated from soil and highly polluted domestic and industrial wastes

Organization and plasticity of enterobacterial genomes

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