Plasmid‐mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi in Kuwait

Panigrahi, D; Al-Aneziz, Abdulaziz H.; West, P. W. J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-80.x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The probable reasons for this difference may be due to the population mix, because our hospital is a specialized hospital dealing with only infectious disease patients. Our present observation is similar to our previous reports [7][8][9] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in a Speciality Hospital in Kuwait: 8-Year Experience

Dimitrov¹,

Panigrahi²,

Emara³

et al. 2005

Med Princ Pract

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of isolation and antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of clinically significant bacterial pathogens isolated from blood. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 8 years (1995–2002) at Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH), Kuwait. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. 18,535 blood cultures were analyzed. Disk diffusion method was used to perform antibiotic-susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 9 antimicrobials were determined using E-test. Double disk (potentiation) test and E-test ESBL strips were used to detect the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Results:Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. were predominant blood isolates, and represented 60.6 and 30.0% of all clinically significant episodes of bloodstream infections, respectively. Among the Salmonella, Salmonella enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi A were most frequently isolated. The percentage of multidrug resistance (MDR) among them varied from 22 to 51%. A high percentage (40%) of MDR S. enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi A also showed reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: During the study period, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. were predominant blood isolates. MDR S. enterica serotypes typhi and paratyphi A, with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, are among the most frequent causes of bloodstream infections in IDH, suggesting the need to monitor their susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Diseases Hospital) have been published [7][8][9] . However, no report is available presenting the total picture of BIs in Infectious Disease Hospital, Kuwait, hence this retrospective study was carried out to characterize the BIs to determine the frequency of bacterial isolation and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in a Speciality Hospital in Kuwait: 8-Year Experience

Dimitrov¹,

Panigrahi²,

Emara³

et al. 2005

Med Princ Pract

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“…This increase may be due to a high degree of clinical suspicion, changing test susceptibility or even a change in the virulence of the organism. In Kuwait, serotype typhi is common, as reported by Panigrahi et al [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Phage Typing and Plasmid Profile of Salmonella enterica Serotype paratyphi A Strains Isolated in Kuwait

et al. 2003

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Objective: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, phage type and plasmid profile pattern of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi A strains isolated in Kuwait. Material and Methods: From January 1995 to December 1999, 106 strains of S. enterica serotype paratyphi A isolated from an equal number of cases of enteric fever, attending the Infectious Disease and Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospitals in Kuwait were investigated. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 8 commonly used antimicrobial agents. Their phage type and plasmid profile patterns were determined using an international set of phages and Qiagen plasmid mini kit, respectively. Results: All of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin and co-trimoxazole. One hundred isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 99 to chloramphenicol and 98 to tetracycline. None of the isolates was multidrug resistant. Sixty-six percent of the isolates were phage type I, 27.4% phage type II and 6.6% were untypable. All phage type I and untypable strains had 3 plasmids of 2.2, 5 and 20 kb, whereas phage type II strains had only 1 plasmid of 20 kb. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while all of the isolates of the S. enterica serotype paratyphi A were susceptible to 4 of the drugs tested, some were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or tetracycline, thereby indicating the need for continued surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates.

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“…Asian countries where MDRTF have been reported include China (1985), Pakistan (1987), India (1988), Malaysia (1991), Singapore (1994), Bangladesh (1994), Vietnam (1995), Japan (1999), Thailand (2001), Korea (2003), Nepal (2005) and Indonesia (2009); other countries include Kuwait (1996) and Jordan (2008) [1,36,38,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. A recent multi-centric study conducted across five Asian countries (China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam) that are endemic for typhoid reported the prevalence of multidrugresistant S. Typhi strains ranging from 7% to 65% [54].…”

Section: Global Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever: a review

Zaki

Karande

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

128

116

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Introduction: Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever (MDRTF) is defined as typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains (S. Typhi), which are resistant to the first-line recommended drugs for treatment such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. Since the mid-1980s, MDRTF has caused outbreaks in several countries in the developing world, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in affected children below five years of age and those who are malnourished. Methodology: Two methods were used to gather the information presented in this article. First PubMed was searched for English language references to published relevant articles. Secondly, chapters on typhoid fever in standard textbooks of paediatric infectious diseases and preventive and social medicine were reviewed. Results: Although there are no pathognomonic clinical features of MDRTF at the onset of the illness, high fever ( > 104°F), toxaemia, abdominal distension, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are often reported. The gold standard for the diagnosis of MDRTF is bacterial isolation of the organism in blood cultures. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are the drugs most commonly used for treatment of MDRTF and produce good clinical results. Conclusion: MDRTF remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Mass immunization in endemic areas with either the oral live attenuated Typhi 21a or the injectable unconjugated Vi typhoid vaccine, rational use of antibiotics, improvement in public sanitation facilities, availability of clean drinking water, promotion of safe food handling practices and public health education are vital in the prevention of MDRTF.

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Plasmid‐mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi in Kuwait

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in a Speciality Hospital in Kuwait: 8-Year Experience

Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in a Speciality Hospital in Kuwait: 8-Year Experience

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Phage Typing and Plasmid Profile of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serotype <i>paratyphi A</i> Strains Isolated in Kuwait

Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever: a review

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