Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Karp, Beth E.; Campbell, Davina; Chen, Jessica C.; Folster, Jason P.; Friedman, Cindy R.

doi:10.1111/zph.12507

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Quinolones are a group of antimicrobials that are used to treat human and animal bacterial infections; therefore, resistance to these drugs is of great concern (Tacconelli et al, 2017). In Chile, recent studies have determined that quinolone resistance is on the rise [Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), 2015], and a recent study reported that Salmonella susceptibility to quinolones is decreasing in the US (Karp et al, 2018). In the present study, we found that a small plasmid harboring the gene qnrB19 was the main responsible for quinolone antimicrobial resistance in six Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quinolone resistance in enteric pathogens has been described in Latin America [González and Araque, 2013; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 2014], and an increase in Salmonella spp. resistance to quinolones has been recently reported in Chile [Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), 2015] and in the United States (Medalla et al, 2013; Karp et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources

et al. 2019

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Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide, and Salmonella spp. resistance to quinolone was classified by WHO in the high priority list. Recent studies in Europe and in the US reported the presence of small plasmids carrying quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry and poultry products. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella spp. and to investigate transduction as a possible mechanism associated to its dissemination. First, we assessed resistance to nalidixic acid and/or ciprofloxacin in 64 Salmonella spp. and detected resistance in eight of them. Genomic analyses determined that six isolates of different serotypes and sources carried an identical 2.7-kb plasmid containing the gene qnrB19 which confers quinolone resistance. The plasmid detected also has high identity with plasmids reported in the US, Europe, and South America. The presence of similar plasmids was later surveyed by PCR in a local Salmonella collection (n = 113) obtained from diverse sources: food (eggs), wild and domestic animals (pigs, horse, chicken), and human clinical cases. qnrB19-carrying plasmids were found in 8/113 Salmonella tested strains. A bioinformatics analysis including Chilean and previously described plasmids revealed over 95.0% of nucleotide identity among all the sequences obtained in this study. Furthermore, we found that a qnrB19-carrying plasmid can be transferred between Salmonella of different serotypes through a P22-mediated transduction. Altogether our results demonstrate that plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is widespread in Salmonella enterica of different serotypes isolated from human clinical samples, wild and domestic animals, and food in Chile and suggest that transduction could be a plausible mechanism for its dissemination. The occurrence of these antimicrobial resistance elements in Salmonella in a widespread area is of public health and food safety concern, and it indicates the need for increased surveillance for the presence of these plasmids in Salmonella strains and to assess their actual impact in the rise and spread of quinolone resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources

et al. 2019

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“…Antimicrobial resistance to quinolones is particularly significant because there is evidence of cross resistance with other antimicrobials relevant for human medicine [10, 36]. Furthermore, an increase in resistance to quinolones has been reported in Latin America [37], and antimicrobial resistance against quinolones has increased in Salmonella isolated in Chile [38] and in the United States [39]. Consequently, resistance to quinolones has been classified in the WHO priority list [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from dairy calves and bedding material

Astorga

Navarrete-Talloni

Miró

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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IntroductionE. coli is a ubiquitous bacterium commonly used as a sentinel in antimicrobial resistance studies. Here, E. coli was isolated from three groups (sick calves, healthy calves and bedding material), to assess the presence of antimicrobial resistance, describe resistance profiles, and compare these resistances among groups.Material and methodsSamples were collected from calves and calving pens from 20 dairy farms. Using the disc diffusion method, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against seven antimicrobials: Amoxicillin, Ceftiofur, Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin, Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, Florfenicol and Oxytetracycline. Isolates resistant to all these seven antimicrobials were tested again against an extended 19 antimicrobial drug panel and for the presence of the most common E. coli pathogenicity genes through PCR.Results & discussionThree hundred forty-nine E. coli isolates were obtained; most isolates were resistant to a single antimicrobial, but 2.3% (8) were resistant to 16 to 19 of the antimicrobials tested. The group with the highest percentage of multiresistant isolates was the calves with diarrhea group. Younger calves provided samples with higher antimicrobial resistance levels.ConclusionsThere is a high rate of antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms calving pens. These bacteria could not only be a resistance gene reservoir, but also could have the potential to spread these determinants through horizontal gene transfer to other susceptible bacteria. Measures should be taken to protect colonization of younger calves, based on hygienic measures and proper management.

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“…Resistance to the quinolone and fluoroquinolone classes of antimicrobials has generally been attributed to chromosomal mutations in the bacterial enzymes targeted by these classes of antimicrobials: DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV ( Strahilevitz et al, 2009 ). Additionally, three types of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanisms have been identified: qnr genes protect DNA gyrase, the aac(6′)-lb-cr gene acetylates ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and certain other quinolones, and oqxAB and qepA genes produce efflux pumps ( Rodriguez-Martinez et al, 2016 ; Karp et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes via Novel Multiplex qPCR in Fecal Salmonella Isolates From Northern Californian Dairy Cattle, 2002–2016

et al. 2021

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, AmpC-type β-lactamase (ACBL) genes, and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Salmonella isolated at a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital microbiology laboratory, examine trends in presence of these resistance genes, and to explore the correlation between phenotypic resistance and presence of specific genes. The presence of ESBL, ACBL, and PMQR genes were detected using a single, novel multiplex qPCR. Only the genes blaCMY–2 and blaTEM were detected in the 110 Salmonella isolates tested. PMQR genes were not detected in isolates screened. Of 94 third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates, representing eight serotypes, 48% (n = 45) were positive for blaCMY–2 only and 50% (n = 47) were simultaneously positive for blaCMY–2 and blaTEM. Two third-generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were tested negative for all β-lactamase genes in our qPCR assay and likely house ESBL genes not screened for by our qPCR assay. A logistic regression model revealed that for serotype Dublin isolates (n = 38) the odds ratio for testing positive for blaTEM when compared to all other serotypes was 51.6 (95% CI: 4.01–664.03, p = 0.0029). For serotype Typhimurium (n = 9) the odds ratio for testing positive for blaTEM when compared to all other serotypes was 43.3 (95% CI: 1.76–1000, p = 0.0216). Overall, our results suggest that the prevalence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones due to ESBLs, ACBLs, and PMQR genes present in bovine nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates has remained relatively constant in the isolates screened over a 14-year period.

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Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources

Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources

Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from dairy calves and bedding material

Detection of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes via Novel Multiplex qPCR in Fecal Salmonella Isolates From Northern Californian Dairy Cattle, 2002–2016

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