Plasmodesmata: A History of Conceptual Surprises

Bel, Aart J. E. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69944-8_11

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…Thus, particular attention should be given to the capacity of VACs to uptake high molecular mass tracers such as TR dextrans or BSA conjugates. In plants, transport of macromolecules normally occurs via plasmodesmata (Kim et al, 2002;Chen & Kim, 2006;Kragler, 2013;Sevilem et al, 2015;van Bel, 2018), which are absent in the contact pits. Thus, our finding regarding the uptake of macromolecules imparts greater importance to the role of endocytosis in macromolecular exchange, especially in the cell-to-cell interfaces devoid of plasmodesmata.…”

Section: Endocytosis Acts As An Important Route For Molecule Transpor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocytosis acts as transport pathway in wood

et al. 2019

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Summary In trees, dead and living cells of secondary xylem (wood) function collectively, rendering cell‐to‐cell communication challenging. Water and solutes are transported over long distances from the roots to the above‐ground organs via vessels, the main component of wood, and then radially over short distances to the neighboring cells. This enables proper functioning of trees and integrates whole‐plant activity. In this study, tracer loading, immunolocalization experiments and inhibitor assays were used to decipher the mechanisms enabling transport in wood of Acer pseudoplatanus (maple), Fraxinus excelsior (ash) and Populus tremula × tremuloides (poplar) trees. We show that tracer uptake from dead water‐conducting vessels, elements of the apoplasm, to living vessel‐associated cells (VACs) of the xylem parenchyma of the symplasm system proceeds via the endocytic pathway, including clathrin‐mediated and clathrin‐independent processes. These findings enhance our understanding of the transport pathways in complex wood tissue, providing experimental evidence of the involvement of VACs and endocytosis in radial uptake from vessels.

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Section: Endocytosis Acts As An Important Route For Molecule Transpor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocytosis acts as transport pathway in wood

et al. 2019

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“…The results showed that using two transgenic lines, it was possible to trace the GFP distribution pattern between the embryo tissues during embryogenesis. The epidermis has been shown to become symplasmically isolated from the underlying shoot/embryo tissues for tracer dyes and several transcription factors and the reasons for this have previously been discussed (e.g., Roberts and Oparka, 2003;van Bel, 2018). The symplasmic communication between the protodermis and underlying tissues in the ZEs occurred freely in the heart and torpedo stages, thus indicating that these embryos were a single symplasmic domain (Stadler et al, 2005).…”

Section: Radial Pattering Of Embryo and Symplasmic Domainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Similarities and Differences in the GFP Movement in the Zygotic and Somatic Embryos of Arabidopsis

2021

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Intercellular signaling during embryo patterning is not well understood and the role of symplasmic communication has been poorly considered. The correlation between the symplasmic domains and the development of the embryo organs/tissues during zygotic embryogenesis has only been described for a few examples, including Arabidopsis. How this process occurs during the development of somatic embryos (SEs) is still unknown. The aim of these studies was to answer the question: do SEs have a restriction in symplasmic transport depending on the developmental stage that is similar to their zygotic counterparts? The studies included an analysis of the GFP distribution pattern as expressed under diverse promoters in zygotic embryos (ZEs) and SEs. The results of the GFP distribution in the ZEs and SEs showed that 1/the symplasmic domains between the embryo organs and tissues in the SEs was similar to those in the ZEs and 2/the restriction in symplasmic transport in the SEs was correlated with the developmental stage and was similar to the one in their zygotic counterparts, however, with the spatio-temporal differences and different PDs SEL value between these two types of embryos.

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“…Although sieve elements are living cells they are generally considered almost metabolically inert whose primary purpose is as conductors of phloem sap (van Bel 2003;Esau 1939). Their symplasts are connected at each end by sieve plates which allow fluid flow and the passage of molecules such as sugars and amino acids (with size limits up to at least 67kDa (van Bel 2018;Stadler et al 2005)). This flow is vulnerable to structural breaches, for example by herbivory and this triggers a blockage via callose (Barratt et al 2011;van Bel 2006;Esau et al 1953).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of companion cell and phloem metabolism using a transcriptome-guided model of Arabidopsis metabolism

Hunt

Brueggen

Gallé³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Companion cells and sieve elements play an essential role in vascular plants and yet the details of the metabolism that underpins their function remain largely unknown. Here we construct a tissue-scale flux balance analysis (FBA) model to describe the metabolism of phloem loading in a mature Arabidopsis leaf. We explore the potential metabolic interactions between mesophyll cells, companion cells, and sieve elements based on current understanding of the physiology of phloem tissue and through the use of cell-type-specific transcriptome data as a weighting in our model. We find that companion cell chloroplasts likely play a very different role to mesophyll chloroplasts. Our model suggests that, rather than carbon capture, the most crucial function of companion cell chloroplasts is to provide photosynthetically-generated ATP to the cytosol. Additionally, our model predicts that the metabolites imported into the companion cell are not necessarily the same metabolites that are exported in phloem sap; phloem loading is more efficient if certain amino acids are synthesised in the phloem tissue. Surprisingly, in our model predictions the H+-PPiase is the more important contributor than the H+ ATPase to the energisation of the companion cell plasma membrane.

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Plasmodesmata: A History of Conceptual Surprises

Cited by 8 publications

References 272 publications

Endocytosis acts as transport pathway in wood

Endocytosis acts as transport pathway in wood

Similarities and Differences in the GFP Movement in the Zygotic and Somatic Embryos of Arabidopsis

Analysis of companion cell and phloem metabolism using a transcriptome-guided model of Arabidopsis metabolism

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