Plasmodesmata and Plant Morphogenesis

Kobayashi, Ken; Kim, In-Soon; Cho, Euna; Zambryski, Patricia

doi:10.1002/9780470988572.ch5

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…By the late heart stage, 2ϫsGFP moves less and is restricted to the region around the SAM. Early movement of 2ϫsGFP supports the general principle that intercellular movement through PD is more extensive in young versus older tissues (9,11,35).…”

Section: Gfp Movementmentioning

confidence: 55%

Cell-to-cell movement of GFP during embryogenesis and early seedling development in Arabidopsis

Kim

Cho²,

Crawford³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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121

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There is increasing evidence for intercellular trafficking of macromolecules through plasmodesmata (PD) during plant development. Here we study the ability of PD to traffic proteins during embryogenesis and early seedling development in Arabidopsis. Transgenic lines that induce GFP expression only in meristems, MSG (meristem-specific GFP), were used to monitor GFP movement. Cell-to-cell movement of different-sized GFP reporters reveals that embryos and young seedlings traffic proteins at least 54 kDa in size. Although 27-kDa soluble GFP (1؋sGFP) freely moves between cells throughout the entire embryo during all stages analyzed, 2؋sGFP movement becomes more restricted as development proceeds. After germination, cells near the apical meristem in seedlings show a higher size exclusion limit (SEL), whereas the SEL becomes more restricted as surrounding tissues develop identities. Although 1؋sGFP moves throughout leaf primordia, as the leaf develops only the basal part of leaf petioles, main vascular tissues, and leaf veins (not blades) allow 1؋sGFP movement. Although previous studies showed that embryos allow movement of small symplastic tracers (0.5 kDa), the present data demonstrate that the embryo constitutes a single symplast that allows transport of macromolecules as well. Even 2؋sGFP moves from its site of expression at the apical meristem in embryos and seedlings, yet the extent of movement is more limited than 1؋sGFP. Thus, PD have distinct SELs in different subregions of the embryo and seedling. These studies support the general concept that PD in younger tissues are more dilated and less restrictive than PD in older (nonvascular) tissues.plasmodesmata ͉ symplast

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Section: Gfp Movementmentioning

confidence: 55%

Cell-to-cell movement of GFP during embryogenesis and early seedling development in Arabidopsis

Kim

Cho²,

Crawford³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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121

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“…Relevance of diffusional morphogens for symplasmic coordination (e.g. Lucas and Lee 2004;Zambryski 2004;Kobayashi et al 2005) would be restricted to the very early developmental phases.…”

Section: Comments On the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Establishment of symplasmic barriers has been observed in diverse plant tissues to precede or coincide with differentiation processes and might be a universal tool for cell differentiation and maturation (c.f. Ehlers and van Bel 1999;Ehlers and Kollmann 2001;Kobayashi et al 2005).…”

Section: Comments On the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of plasmodesmal connectivity in successive interfaces of the cambial zone

Ehlers

Bel

2009

Planta

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Frequency, density and branching of plasmodesmata were counted in successive tangential and transverse walls in the cambial zone of tomato stems in order to examine development of the plasmodesmal network in a chronological order. Coincident with progress of cell development, plasmodesmal connectivity increased, both at the xylem- and phloem-side. In transverse walls, the number of secondary plasmodesmata enhanced considerably. The same held for tangential walls, with a superimposed plasmodesmal doubling during the first phase of phloem development. This plasmodesmal doubling was interpreted to result from the deposition of wall material between branched plasmodesmal strands. Structural plasmodesmal development was correlated with production of hydroxyl radicals which control local cell wall alterations. Successive phases of plasmodesmal deployment and modification were distinguished which may coincide with differential functional capacities as documented by intracellular injection of fluorochromes. Diffusion-driven symplasmic transport appeared to be transiently interrupted during cell maturation.

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“…PD are able to transport nutrients and small ions, intrinsic developmental signals like hormones and transcription factors, as well as other organisms such as viruses and fungi (Crawford and Zambryski, 2000; Roberts and Oparka, 2003; Kankanala et al, 2007). Thus, the control of cell‐to‐cell communication and the efficiency of symplasmic transport of small and macromolecules play a crucial role in plant cell differentiation and their subsequent functioning in mature tissues (Ruan et al, 2001; Kim et al, 2002; Complainville et al, 2003; Kobayashi et al, 2005; Burch‐Smith et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Symplasmic, long‐distance transport in xylem and cambial regions in branches of Acer pseudoplatanus (Aceraceae) and Populus tremula × P. tremuloides (Salicaceae)

Sokołowska

Zagórska‐Marek

2012

American J of Botany

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Plasmodesmata and Plant Morphogenesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 78 publications

Cell-to-cell movement of GFP during embryogenesis and early seedling development in Arabidopsis

Cell-to-cell movement of GFP during embryogenesis and early seedling development in Arabidopsis

Dynamics of plasmodesmal connectivity in successive interfaces of the cambial zone

Symplasmic, long‐distance transport in xylem and cambial regions in branches of Acer pseudoplatanus (Aceraceae) and Populus tremula × P. tremuloides (Salicaceae)

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