Plasmodium falciparum and helminth coinfections among schoolchildren in relation to agro-ecosystems in Mvomero District, Tanzania

Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Senkoro, K.P.; Rumisha, Susan F.; Mayala, Benjamin K.; Shayo, Elizabeth H.; Mlozi, M. R. S.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.007

Cited by 71 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Agriculture was mostly reported by the respondents as only the reasons for increased malaria intensity in Kimamba villages, because it supports breeding of mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasites. These results are supported by various works done in Tanzania [41–44]. Malaria is a particular problem in agricultural areas, as land use practices implemented often result in increased presence of breeding sites [6, 45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Land-use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in Kilosa District, Tanzania

Paul

Kangalawe

Mboera

2018

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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BackgroundUnderstanding of the land use and malaria transmission among farming communities in Tanzania is of great significance. Water resource development projects, deforestation, wetland cultivation, and land use changes for agricultural purposes all expand habitats for malaria-carrying mosquitoes. The main objective of this study was to assess land use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in two villages in Kilosa District, Tanzania.MethodsMultiple research methods were used for data collection, including household interviews using a structured questionnaire; key informant interviews; transect walks and direct field observations. A larval search was conducted using the dipper standard method whereby mosquito larvae and pupae were identified to genus level. Data analysis was undertaken using the Stata software version 10 and descriptive statistics were used.ResultsA total of 211 diverse mosquito breeding habitats were surveyed during this study. The mosquito breeding sites ranged from small areas such as hoof prints and coconut shells to large ones such as swamps created through anthropogenic activities. The relationships between land use patterns and malaria transmission were statistically insignificant, indicating that malaria transmission in Kilosa could possibly be due to other human activities, including seasonal movement to distant farms during farming seasons. Communities were knowledgeable about malaria preventive measures such as the use of mosquito nets. While knowledge that links mosquitoes and malaria was relatively high among respondents, knowledge related to mosquito ecology and breeding sites was generally low.ConclusionAlthough analysis of land use patterns did not show statistical significance in the study area, agricultural activities, brick making and settlement seem to be highly linked to malaria transmission. The association of land use patterns and malaria transmission is well observed in habitats created that harbour mosquitoes, and evidenced by presence of immature Anopheles mosquito larvae. Lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of transmission by the inhabitants is a major issue. Although it might be difficult to change land use patterns, as they are driven by economic necessity, future reduction of spread, through better education, is something that could be modified. In addition, more detailed studies are recommended to further confirm the linkages between land use/cover changes and malaria transmission in the study area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Land-use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in Kilosa District, Tanzania

Paul

Kangalawe

Mboera

2018

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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“…70 Taken collectively, co-infection with Plasmodium species and hookworm is likely to increase the severity of anemia because of the distinct mechanisms by which each parasite causes anemia. 3,71 The present analysis showed that the level of Hb in co-infected populations was significantly lower compared with non co-infected populations. This suggests that the anemia observed in co-infected populations was not likely to be a direct result of dietary deficiency alone.…”

Section: Anemia In Co-infected Patientsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Malaria and soil-transmitted intestinal helminth co-infection and its effect on anemia: a meta-analysis

Naing

Whittaker

Nyunt-Wai

et al. 2013

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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This study aimed to synthesize available evidence on the extent of malaria and soil-transmitted intestinal helminth (STH) co-infections in people living in endemic countries and to explore the effect of interactions between malaria and STHs on anemia. We searched relevant studies in electronic databases up to March 2013. Studies comparing malaria and STH co-infected patients with those not co-infected were included and the effect estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. We identified 30 studies for meta-analyses of which 17 were cross-sectional design. The majority of included studies (80%) were carried out in African countries. Among pregnant women, those infected with hookworm were found to have higher association with malaria infection compared with those without (summary OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.59; I 2 : 0%). Among nonpregnant adults, the summary OR of the association between anemia and the combined malaria and STH was 2.91 (1.38-6.14). The summary OR of the association between anemia and malaria alone was 1.53 (0.97-2.42), while the association between anemia and STH alone was 0.28 (0.04-1.95). There is no good evidence to support a different effect of malaria and STH on anemia. A subgroup analysis showed a higher risk of malaria infection in the primigravidae (summary OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.3-1.99; I 2 : 0%). In conclusion, the malaria-STH co-infection was variable with complex outcomes on anemia.

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“…The disease is endemic in most parts of the country, and remains as a major cause of hospital attendance, admission and death [1]. However, malaria burden in the country is heterogeneous with malaria prevalence rates and entomological inoculation rates varying from one area to another [2–5]. Similarly, there are variations in malaria mosquito vector composition and transmission intensities in localised areas, within districts and even within villages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecosystems and various livelihoods activities have impact on mosquito productivity, mosquito biting exposures and hence malaria transmission intensity [11–14]. For instance, some agro-ecosystems provide favourable conditions for mosquito breeding, and hence higher malaria prevalence [4, 5, 14, 15]. Other livelihood activities that are associated with higher malaria prevalence include nomadic pastoralism, mining, fishing and construction [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMalaria prevalence and transmission intensity in Tanzania is heterogeneous with spatial and temporal variations between geographical areas and ecological systems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, anaemia and nutritional status in relation to livelihoods, ecosystem and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania.MethodsThis study was conducted in four villages, two characterised by rice irrigation ecosystem and the other two by dry savannah ecosystem and pastoral livelihoods. In each ecosystem, one of the villages had a healthcare facility. Schoolchildren were screened for malaria infection using malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) and microscopy and they were assessed for their anaemia and nutritional statuses.ResultsA total of 1,019 school children (age = 4–16 years) were screened for malaria infection. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection was 10.6 % and 4.5 % by mRDT and microscopy, respectively. Children from pastoral villages had lower (2.9 %) prevalence of malaria than their counterparts (18.2 %) in the rice irrigation villages. A significantly high risk of malaria was observed among children in rice irrigation than in the pastoral ecosystem (OR: 0.13; 95%CI 0.07, 0.23). Children living in areas with health care facilities had a low odd of malaria infection by 45 % (OR: 0.55; 95 % CI = 0.35, 0.86). Overall, the prevalence of anaemia in the district was 43.4 % (n = 775); and 58.3 % of those with severe anaemia were among children from the pastoral villages. Anaemia was significantly higher among children not using mosquito nets (p = 0.049); and among those with malaria infection (p <0.001). The majority (96 %) of the children had Body Mass Index less than 18.5 kg/m2 which indicate high proportion of underweight.ConclusionThere are significant variations in the risk of acquiring malaria infection between different ecosystems and livelihoods. These findings suggest that malaria control programmes must take into account ecosystems and livelihoods of the targeted population through an integrated management of malaria and nutrition approach.

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Plasmodium falciparum and helminth coinfections among schoolchildren in relation to agro-ecosystems in Mvomero District, Tanzania

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Land-use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in Kilosa District, Tanzania

Land-use patterns and their implication on malaria transmission in Kilosa District, Tanzania

Malaria and soil-transmitted intestinal helminth co-infection and its effect on anemia: a meta-analysis

Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

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