Plasmodium falciparum msp1 and msp2 genetic diversity in parasites isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria subjects in the South of Benin

Lagnika, Hamirath Odée; Moussiliou, Azizath; Agonhossou, Romuald; Sovegnon, Pierre Marie; Djihinto, Oswald Yédjinnavênan; Medjigbodo, Adandé A.; Djossou, Laurette; Amoah, Linda Eva; Ogouyèmi-Hounto, Aurore; Djogbenou, Luc

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07399-y

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similar to a few previous studies, we found that asymptomatic infections had a higher COI than symptomatic infections across both the coastal mainland and Zanzibar parasite populations (Collins et al, 2022;Kimenyi et al, 2022;Sarah-Matio et al, 2022). Other studies have found lower COI in severe vs. mild malaria cases (Robert et al, 1996) or no significant difference between COI based on clinical status (Conway et al, 1991;Earland et al, 2019;Kun et al, 1998;Lagnika et al, 2022;Tanabe et al, 2015). In Zambia, one study suggested that infections that cause asymptomatic infection may be genetically different than those that cause symptomatic infection (Searle et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Strong isolation by distance and evidence of population microstructure reflect ongoingPlasmodium falciparumtransmission in Zanzibar

Connelly

Brazeau

Msellem³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Zanzibar archipelago of Tanzania has become a low-transmission area forPlasmodium falciparum. Despite being considered an area of pre-elimination for years, achieving elimination has been difficult, likely due to a combination of imported infections from mainland Tanzania, and continued local transmission. To shed light on these sources of transmission, we applied highly multiplexed genotyping utilizing molecular inversion probes to characterize the genetic relatedness of 391P. falciparumisolates collected across Zanzibar and in Bagamoyo District on the coastal mainland from 2016-2018. Overall, parasite populations on the coastal mainland and Zanzibar archipelago remain highly related. However, in Zanzibar the parasite population exhibits microstructure due to rapid decay of parasite relatedness over very short distances. This, along with highly related pairs withinshehias, suggests ongoing low level local transmission. We also identified highly related parasites acrossshehiasthat reflect human mobility on the main island of Unguja and identified a cluster of highly related parasites, suggestive of an outbreak, in the Micheweni district on Pemba island. Parasites in asymptomatic infections demonstrated higher complexity of infection than those in symptomatic infections, but have similar core genomes. Our data support that importation remains a main source of genetic diversity and contribution to the parasite population on Zanzibar, but they also show local outbreak clusters where targeted interventions are essential to block local transmission. These results highlight the need for preventive measures against imported malaria and enhanced control measures in areas that remain receptive for malaria reemergence due to susceptible hosts and competent vectors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Strong isolation by distance and evidence of population microstructure reflect ongoingPlasmodium falciparumtransmission in Zanzibar

Connelly

Brazeau

Msellem³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In Côte d’Ivoire, Gnagne et al . [ 60 ] found significant association of polyclonal infections measured by both pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 with an increase in parasitaemia but not with clinical status, while in southern Benin, Lagnika et al [ 61 ] found that polyclonal infections were more prevalent among symptomatic malaria carriers than asymptomatic carriers. This may be due to the low power to amplify minor alleles in the samples with low levels of parasitaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a need for further investigations to consider parasitaemia and clinical status together and their possible association with the MOI. In Gabon and Grande Comore Island, it has been shown that the MOI may vary by region [ 61 , 64 ] and decrease due to intervention measures and after the implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Simpson

Nundu

Arima

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background Understanding Plasmodium falciparum population diversity and transmission dynamics provides information on the intensity of malaria transmission, which is needed for assessing malaria control interventions. This study aimed to determine P. falciparum allelic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods A total of 438 DNA samples (248 asymptomatic and 190 symptomatic) were characterized by nested PCR and genotyping the polymorphic regions of pfmsp1 block 2 and pfmsp2 block 3. Results Nine allele types were observed in pfmsp1 block2. The K1-type allele was predominant with 78% (229/293) prevalence, followed by the MAD20-type allele (52%, 152/293) and RO33-type allele (44%, 129/293). Twelve alleles were detected in pfmsp2, and the 3D7-type allele was the most frequent with 84% (256/304) prevalence, followed by the FC27-type allele (66%, 201/304). Polyclonal infections were detected in 63% (95% CI 56, 69) of the samples, and the MOI (SD) was 1.99 (0.97) in P. falciparum single-species infections. MOIs significantly increased in P. falciparum isolates from symptomatic parasite carriers compared with asymptomatic carriers (2.24 versus 1.69, adjusted b: 0.36, (95% CI 0.01, 0.72), p = 0.046) and parasitaemia > 10,000 parasites/µL compared to parasitaemia < 5000 parasites/µL (2.68 versus 1.63, adjusted b: 0.89, (95% CI 0.46, 1.25), p < 0.001). Conclusion This survey showed low allelic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum, which reflects a moderate intensity of malaria transmission in the study areas. MOIs were more likely to be common in symptomatic infections and increased with the parasitaemia level. Further studies in different transmission zones are needed to understand the epidemiology and parasite complexity in the DRC.

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“…A protocol previously described [ 29 , 30 ] was used to amplify the Msp 1 and Msp 2 genes of P. falciparum . Polymorphic allelic families of the Msp 1 gene (K1, Mad20, and RO33) and Msp 2 gene (FC27 and 3D7) were amplified by nested PCR amplification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A protocol previously described [29,30] The multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the mean number of allelic families of the Msp1 (K1, Mad20, and RO33) and Msp2 (3D7 and FC27) genes were determined in exposed and unexposed parasites. The following formula was used to calculate the…”

Section: Genotyping Of the P Falciparum Msp1 And Msp2 Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beninese Plant Extracts with Antiplasmodial Activity Select New Allele Variants Msp1 and Msp2 in Plasmodium falciparum

Lagnika,

Medjigbodo,

Djihinto

et al. 2024

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. Natural medicinal products are commonly used as a remedy against malaria infections in African populations and have become a major source of information for the screening of new and more effective antiplasmodial molecules. Therefore, in vitro studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these medicinal products and to explore the potential effects of such drugs on the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. The current study has investigated the impact of some Beninese plant extracts with antiplasmodial activity on the genetic diversity of P. falciparum. Method. Five (5) ethanolic plant extracts (Dissotis rotundifolia, Ehretia cymosa Thonn, Hibiscus surattensis L., Cola millenii K. Shum, and Costus afer Ker Gawl) and a compound extracted from Ehretia cymosa Thonn (encoded CpE2) were tested against asexual stage parasites of a culture-adapted strain of P. falciparum. Subsequently, the P. falciparum Msp1 and Msp2 markers were genotyped, and the number of allelic variants and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) were compared between drug-exposed and unexposed parasites. Results. All plant extracts have shown inhibitory activity against asexual P. falciparum and selected new allelic variants of the Msp1 and Msp2 genes compared to unexposed parasites. The newly selected allelic variants were K1_100bp and RO33_300bp of the Msp1 gene and FC27_150bp, FC27_300bp, FC27_400bp, and FC27_600bp of the Msp2 gene. However, there was no significant difference in MOI between drug-exposed and unexposed parasites. Conclusion. Our study highlights a source for the selection of new Msp1 and Msp2 alleles after exposure to antimalarial drugs. These findings pave the way for further studies investigating the true roles of these newly selected alleles in P. falciparum.

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Plasmodium falciparum msp1 and msp2 genetic diversity in parasites isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria subjects in the South of Benin

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Strong isolation by distance and evidence of population microstructure reflect ongoingPlasmodium falciparumtransmission in Zanzibar

Strong isolation by distance and evidence of population microstructure reflect ongoingPlasmodium falciparumtransmission in Zanzibar

The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

Beninese Plant Extracts with Antiplasmodial Activity Select New Allele Variants Msp1 and Msp2 in Plasmodium falciparum

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