Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (N67) Is a Robust Animal Model to Study Malaria Transmission by South American Anopheline Mosquitoes

Orfanó, Alessandra S; Duarte, Ana Paula; Molina-Cruz, Alvaro; Pimenta, Paulo Filemon Paolucci; Barillas‐Mury, Carolina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167178

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The majority of studies using P. yoelii parasites involved the lethal YM (or 17XL) and nonlethal 17X (17XNL) strains. However, P. y. nigeriensis parasites have also been used as models for studying unique disease phenotypes, transmission in mosquitoes, strain-specific host immune responses and drug resistances [13,14,[38][39][40][41]. The N67 and N67C are two isogenic strains of P. y. nigeriensis subspecies that cause very unique and interesting disease phenotypes in C57BL/6 mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence, Transcriptome, and Annotation of Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii Nigeriensis N67

Zhang

Oguz

Huse

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Rodent malaria parasites are important models for studying host-malaria parasite interactions such as host immune response, mechanisms of parasite evasion of host killing, and vaccine development. One of the rodent malaria parasites is Plasmodium yoelii, and multiple P. yoelii strains or subspecies that cause different disease phenotypes have been widely employed in various studies. The genomes and transcriptomes of several P. yoelii strains have been analyzed and annotated, including the lethal strains of Plasmodium y. yoelii YM (or 17XL) and non-lethal strains of Plasmodium y. yoelii 17XNL/17X. Genomic DNA sequences and cDNA reads from another subspecies P. y. nigeriensis N67 have been reported for studies of genetic polymorphisms and parasite response to drugs, but its genome has not been assembled and annotated. Results: We performed genome sequencing of the N67 parasite using the PacBio long-read sequencing technology, de novo assembled its genome and transcriptome, and predicted 5,383 genes with high overall annotation quality. Comparison of the annotated genome of the N67 parasite with those of YM and 17X parasites revealed a set of genes with N67-specific orthology, expansion of gene families, particularly the homologs of the Plasmodium chabaudi erythrocyte membrane antigen, large numbers of SNPs and indels, and proteins predicted to interact with host immune responses based on their functional domains. Conclusions: The genomes of N67 and 17X parasites are highly diverse, having approximately one polymorphic site per 50 base pairs of DNA. The annotated N67 genome and transcriptome provide searchable databases for fast retrieval of genes and proteins, which will greatly facilitate our efforts in studying the parasite biology and gene function and in developing effective control measures against malaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence, Transcriptome, and Annotation of Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii Nigeriensis N67

Zhang

Oguz

Huse

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Anopheles aquasalis mosquitoes were reared under standard laboratory conditions at 27 °C with 80% humidity on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Mosquitoes were provided with 10% sucrose solution ad libitum until one day before the infective blood meal, as described previously [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of Anopheles aquasalis from symptomatic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections in Manaus, western Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAsymptomatic individuals are one of the major challenges for malaria elimination programs in endemic areas. In the absence of clinical symptoms and with a lower parasite density they constitute silent reservoirs considered important for maintaining transmission of human malaria. Studies from Brazil have shown that infected individuals may carry these parasites for long periods.ResultsPatients were selected from three periurban endemic areas of the city of Manaus, in the western Brazilian Amazon. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with positive thick blood smear and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) positive for Plasmodium vivax were invited to participate in the study. A standardised pvs25 gene amplification by qPCR was used for P. vivax gametocytes detection. Anopheles aquasalis were fed using membrane feeding assays (MFA) containing blood from malaria patients. Parasitemia of 42 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic individuals was determined by microscopic examination of blood smears and qPCR. Parasitemia density and gametocyte density were assessed as determinants of infection rates and oocysts densities. A strong correlation between gametocyte densities (microscopy and molecular techniques) and mosquito infectivity (P < 0.001) and oocysts median numbers (P < 0.05) was found in both groups. The ability to infect mosquitoes was higher in the symptomatic group (41%), but infectivity in the asymptomatic group was also seen (1.42%).ConclusionsAlthough their infectivity to mosquitoes is relatively low, given the high prevalence of P. vivax asymptomatic carriers they are likely to play and important role in malaria transmission in the city of Manaus. The role of asymptomatic infections therefore needs to be considered in future malaria elimination programs in Brazil.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2749-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This mosquito is easily maintained in the laboratory. Some studies have contributed to knowledge of its biology (Perez and Conn 1992; Conn et al 1993; Flores-Mendoza et al 1996; Maldonado et al 1997; Fairley et al 2002, 2005; Da Silva 2006) and its susceptibility to Plasmodium infections (Bahia et al 2010, 2011, 2013; Rios-Velásquez et al 2013; Pimenta et al 2015; Orfanó et al 2016a,b; Pinilla et al 2018; Martins-Campos et al 2018; Baia-da-Silva et al 2019). However, there are no morphological and structural studies of the midgut of this mosquito vector, which is surprising because the midgut is the first target of Plasmodium .…”

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Microanatomy of the American Malaria Vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) Midgut: Ultrastructural and Histochemical Observations

Baía-da-Silva

Orfanó

Nacif-Pimenta

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Entomology

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The mosquito gut is divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The midgut functions in storage and digestion of the bloodmeal. This study used light, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to analyze in detail the microanatomy and morphology of the midgut of nonblood-fed Anopheles aquasalis females. The midgut epithelium is a monolayer of columnar epithelial cells that is composed of two populations: microvillar epithelial cells and basal cells. The microvillar epithelial cells can be further subdivided into light and dark cells, based on their affinities to toluidine blue and their electron density. FITC-labeling of the anterior midgut and posterior midgut with lectins resulted in different fluorescence intensities, indicating differences in carbohydrate residues. SEM revealed a complex muscle network composed of circular and longitudinal fibers that surround the entire midgut. In summary, the use of a diverse set of morphological methods revealed the general microanatomy of the midgut and associated tissues of An. aquasalis, which is a major vector of Plasmodium spp. (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) in America.

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Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (N67) Is a Robust Animal Model to Study Malaria Transmission by South American Anopheline Mosquitoes

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Genome Sequence, Transcriptome, and Annotation of Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii Nigeriensis N67

Genome Sequence, Transcriptome, and Annotation of Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Yoelii Nigeriensis N67

Infection of Anopheles aquasalis from symptomatic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections in Manaus, western Brazilian Amazon

Microanatomy of the American Malaria Vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) Midgut: Ultrastructural and Histochemical Observations

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