Plasmon‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Organic Heterostructure for Indoor‐Light Antibacterial Therapy

Abstract

Semiconductor nanomaterials with photocatalytic activity have been considered as potential antibacterial materials against bacterial infection. Noble metal nanoparticles have been developed with semiconductors to promote their photocatalytic activities; however, the incorporation of noble metal NPs brings the risk of toxicity from the heavy metal species, especially for the widely used Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). Herein, an all-organic chloridized g-C 3 N 4 /perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (Cl-CNPD) heterostructure is chosen as a platform, in which the chloridized g-C 3 N 4 provides bonding sites for uniform loading of AgNPs to prepare a plasmonic antibacterial nanocomposite. Benefiting from the in situ implanting approach, plasmon-induced light manipulation from the homodispersed AgNPs enables the nanocomposites to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in an antibacterial efficacy up to 96.1 ± 1.4% and 91.5 ± 1.8% against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under simulated sunlight (20 mW cm −2 ) and indoor light (5 mW cm −2 ) irradiation within 20 min, respectively, much higher than that of the organic heterostructure. Moreover, the strong interaction between the AgNPs and Cl-CNPD not only guarantees negligible toxicity by minimizing Ag leakage, but also shows high durability with unchanged efficacy after challenging bacteria up to five times repeatedly. Therefore, this confined plasmonic-based antibacterial nanocomposite shows great potential as a safe therapeutic system for wound disinfection.

A Triple-Functional Antibacterial Platform Based on Quaternized Ru(II) Complex-Loaded MXene Composites

“…One promising approach is photodynamic therapy, a method that uses specific wavelengths of light to irradiate and, through the energy of light or the properties of photosensitive materials, eliminate or inhibit bacteria . Photodynamic therapy can achieve bacterial eradication in a short period by selecting suitable photosensitizers and corresponding light wavelengths, with minimal damage to host cells. − …”

Temperature‐ and pH‐Responsive Polymeric Photocatalysts for Enhanced Control and Recovery

“…This excited electron–hole pair can be utilized directly for either reduction or oxidation reactions, respectively. To date, photocatalytic systems have been employed in a large range of applications including water pollutant degradation,[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] antibacterial treatment,[ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] photodynamic therapy,[ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] hydrogen evolution,[ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] carbon dioxide reduction,[ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and organic transformations. [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]…”

Plasmonic Enhancement Strategies for Light-Driven Microbe Inactivation

“…If the localized E -field exceeds the dielectric breakdown threshold, new antimicrobial effects become available, such as shockwave-mediated microbe inactivation. , Plasmon-driven energy and charge transfer − as well as heat generation − are other plasmon-driven processes that can be exploited to generate an antimicrobial effect in response to light irradiation. Furthermore, in the case of Ag NPs the metal itself has strong antimicrobial properties. , Overall, noble metal nanostructures provide a surprisingly versatile array of both light-dependent and -independent antimicrobial properties that are of significant interest considering the challenge that emerging microbial resistances pose for conventional antimicrobial chemotherapy .…”