“…As shown in Figure a, compared with the original CZS, the results show that Cd, Zn, S, W, and C elements existed in this binary system, C was the background signals of C 1s at 284.8 eV, which belong to sp 2 carbon. [ 35 ] All the peak positions are consistent with the original, only the peak intensity has decreased, which may be caused by the composite masking of surface elements. Moreover, the chemical valence states of S, Cd, Zn, W, and Co elements were analyzed by the high‐resolution XPS spectra, and the XPS spectra of S 2p, Cd 3d, Zn 2p, W 4f, and Co 2p are shown in Figure 3b–e, respectively.…”