Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulators – A Review

Smajic, J.; Leuthold, J.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2024.3396549

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

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Recent Progress in Electro‐Optic Modulators: Physical Phenomenon, Structures Properties, and Integration Strategy

Yan,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Electro‐optic modulators (EOMs), serving as indispensable components within photonic integrated circuits, are essential for enabling energy‐efficient, high‐speed, and high‐capacity optical communication systems. This review illustrates the principal physical phenomenon exploited in EOMs and provides a comprehensive analysis of the cutting‐edge EOMs featuring interference structures (Mach–Zehnder modulators and Michelson‐interferometer modulators) and resonance structures (microring modulators, racetrack modulators, and photonic crystal modulators). The comparative analysis of the performance merits and limitations in EOMs is presented, highlighting the combination of diverse electro‐optic material compositions with different optical structures, which reveals a promising integration strategic so as to pursue a trade‐off in modulation performance. It is contributed to the ongoing discourse on optimizing EOMs for the subsequent communication technologies and the advancement of photonic chips.

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Recent Progress in Electro‐Optic Modulators: Physical Phenomenon, Structures Properties, and Integration Strategy

Yan,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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MHz-to-THz Plasmonic Modulator

Moor,

Horst,

Chelladurai

et al. 2024

2024 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

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Ring-assisted, racetrack, and Mach-Zehnder modulator: which one offers the lowest voltages and chirp-free operation?

Blatter,

Horst,

Eppenberger

et al. 2024

Opt. Express

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This study presents a comparison between resonant and non-resonant electro-optical modulator configurations. The focus lies on finding the configuration with the highest modulation amplitude at the lowest drive voltage while achieving a large electro-optical bandwidth. It is found that the ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder modulator (RaMZM) offers chirp-free and resonantly enhanced modulation without bandwidth limitations imposed by the ring. In contrast, a racetrack modulator (RTM) offers resonant enhancement at the cost of a chirped modulated signal and with a bandwidth limitation. The traditional non-resonant Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) configuration requires higher modulation voltages while offering chirp-free operation with a flat frequency response. The RaMZM, therefore, looks like an ideal candidate for encoding information in backbone networks where small modulation voltages and perfect control over the phase of a signal are needed. The results are supported by experiments that show driverless plasmonic modulation at 220 GBaud 2PAM, 160 GBaud 4PAM and 100 GBaud 8PAM with record low peak voltages of 0.5 V.

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Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulators – A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Recent Progress in Electro‐Optic Modulators: Physical Phenomenon, Structures Properties, and Integration Strategy

Recent Progress in Electro‐Optic Modulators: Physical Phenomenon, Structures Properties, and Integration Strategy

MHz-to-THz Plasmonic Modulator

Ring-assisted, racetrack, and Mach-Zehnder modulator: which one offers the lowest voltages and chirp-free operation?

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