Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Shi, Jianzhong; Liang, Wei Yun; Raja, Soniya S.; Sang, Yungang; Zhang, Xin Quan; Chen, Chun-An; Wang, Yanrong; Yang, Xinyue; Lee, Yi Hsien; Ahn, Hye Young; Gwo, Shangjr

doi:10.1002/lpor.201800188

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Further enhancement and tuning of light–matter interaction is still possible through the integration of monolayers into nanophotonic architectures. In structures such as microcavities or metal nanoantennas, dielectric layers are frequently placed on top of the TMD monolayer to tune optical resonances, to protect the samples from degradation, or as spacers to avoid charge transfer. In this way, TMD monolayers may be surrounded by a dielectric environment that could modify their absorption and emission, which if controllable, is desirable for engineering properties such as the optical density of states or dielectric screening .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Barker

Wang

Godiksen

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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sources for highly efficient emission [8][9][10] and lasing. [11,12] The lack of inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling in monolayers allows circularly polarized light to populate excitons in a given valley with a defined momentum direction. [13][14][15][16] Such valley polarization enables the storage of information in the valley degree of freedom and the development of valleytronic devices. [6,17] Despite being atomically thin, monolayer TMDs show strong absorption in the visible and near-infrared regimes, with absorption coefficients as high as ≈15%. [18] Such strong interactions with light make TMDs ideal for applications in integrated photonics, photodetectors, and other nanoscale devices. [8,19] Further enhancement [20][21][22][23] and tuning [24][25][26][27] of light-matter interaction is still possible through the integration of monolayers into nanophotonic architectures. In structures such as microcavities [20][21][22] or metal nanoantennas, [23,25,26,28,29] dielectric layers are frequently placed on top of the TMD monolayer to tune optical resonances, to protect the samples from degradation, or as spacers to avoid charge transfer. In this way, TMD monolayers may be surrounded by a dielectric environment that could modify their absorption and emission, which if controllable, is desirable for engineering properties such as the optical density of states or dielectric screening. [30][31][32] Furthermore, variations in fabrication methods and processing techniques of these configurations can also lead to the uncontrolled modification in emission efficiency and photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of the mono layers. [33] Additionally, the effect of dielectric substrates on excitonic resonances and binding energy of TMD monolayers has been under discussion. [34][35][36][37][38][39] The extent of the modification of emission efficiency and lifetime caused by the dielectric environment and the possibility of preserving the emission properties of high-quality monolayers is particularly important for integrating TMDs into viable devices and heterostructures.Here, we clarify the impact that transferring TMD monolayers to different dielectric environments has on their photoluminescent properties. We use micro-PL imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to characterize the PL emission intensity and lifetime of monolayers, respectively. Firstly, we investigate differences arising from encapsulation methods and employ two different processing techniques, spin coating and soft transfer, to encapsulate exfoliated WS 2 monolayers Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising semiconductors for nanoscale photonics and optoelectronics due to their strong interactions with light. However, processes that integrate TMDs into nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices can introduce defects in the monolayers, resulting in lower emission efficiency. Quality control is therefore needed to process monolayer semiconductors effectively. Through micro-photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging me...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Barker

Wang

Godiksen

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Plasmonic nanocavity, composed of metal structures, can realize the localization of electromagnetic field energy, improve the electric field strength, and enhance the linear and nonlinear optical effects. [20][21][22] By coupling TMD materials to plasmonic nanocavity, certain specific optical properties can be obtained through light-matter interaction, such as strong enhancement of Raman scattering, [23] photoluminescence (PL), [24] second harmonic generation (SHG), [25,26] and plasmon-exciton coupling. [27,28] Flexible control of light-matter interaction in TMD materials is a key issue in the research and development of next-generation optoelectronic devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Trion Emission and Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer WS₂ Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavity

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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room temperature owing to the strong geometrical confinement and weak dielectric screening. [3] Moreover, excitons can further bind an electron or a hole to form charged excitons that are also called as trions. [4] The rich excitonic physics and complex excitonic dynamics have motivated extensive studies devoted to the fundamental understanding of the novel photophysics of TMDs. [5] Owing to the crucial application prospects of trions in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and valleytronic devices, [6] the study of trion emission in TMDs is of great significance for the development of 2D materials to fabricate advanced photonics and optoelectronic devices. [7] Trions composed of three charged particles often show properties that are different from excitons properties, such as easy manipulation by electric field and high degree of valley polarization. [8,9] Thus, it is meaningful to control the emission of various quasi-particles. [10] Some previous researchers have demonstrated that trion emission is determined by the concentration of excess electrons or holes. [11] Further, trion emission can be controlled by several methods, such as chemical doping, [12,13] electrical tuning, [14,15] substrate effect, [16] surface functionalization, [17] dynamic photoionization of neutral donors, [18] and electrons transfer in TMD heterostructures. [19]

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“…In principle, the active control of XS 2 properties (such as photoluminescence, strong light–matter interaction, electrochemical activity, etc.) can be obtained by utilizing photonic and plasmonic nanostructures [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. It is noteworthy that, in order to find application in photonics and plasmonics, the 2D material (e.g., XS 2 layers) must be integrated with suitable metallic or dielectric nanostructures [13,15,16,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic Deposition of WS2 Flakes on Nanoholes Arrays—Role of Used Suspension Medium

Giovannini¹,

Maccaferri²,

Serri³

et al. 2019

Materials

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Here we optimized the electrophoretic deposition process for the fabrication of WS2 plasmonic nanohole integrated structures. We showed how the conditions used for site-selective deposition influenced the properties of the deposited flakes. In particular, we investigated the effect of different suspension buffers used during the deposition both in the efficiency of the process and in the stability of WS2 flakes, which were deposited on an ordered arrays of plasmonic nanostructures. We observed that a proper buffer can significantly facilitate the deposition process, keeping the material stable with respect to oxidation and contamination. Moreover, the integrated plasmonic structures that can be prepared with this process can be applied to enhanced spectroscopies and for the preparation of 2D nanopores.

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Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Cited by 73 publications

References 41 publications

Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Enhanced Trion Emission and Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer WS₂ Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavity

Electrophoretic Deposition of WS2 Flakes on Nanoholes Arrays—Role of Used Suspension Medium

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Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Cited by 73 publications

References 41 publications

Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Preserving the Emission Lifetime and Efficiency of a Monolayer Semiconductor upon Transfer

Enhanced Trion Emission and Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer WS2 Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavity

Electrophoretic Deposition of WS2 Flakes on Nanoholes Arrays—Role of Used Suspension Medium

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Enhanced Trion Emission and Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer WS₂ Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavity