Plasmonic nanogap enhanced phase-change devices with dual electrical-optical functionality

Farmakidis, Nikolaos; Youngblood, Nathan; Li, Xuan; Tan, James Y. S.; Swett, Jacob L.; Cheng, Zengguang; Wright, C. David; Pernice, Wolfram H. P.; Bhaskaran, Harish

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2687

Cited by 165 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We observed that more energy is required to achieve a similar transmission contrast in Si compared to a previous demonstration in SiN [4], and we attribute this to the higher thermal conductivity of the Si waveguides and decreased evanescent coupling due to a stronger mode confinement. The power consumption can be reduced with a subnanosecond amorphization pulse, while the evanescent coupling can be enhanced through using resonant structures [49,50], or by simply reducing the waveguide thickness or width [40].…”

Section: Demonstration Of Single-pulse Recrystallization On Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of silicon and silicon nitride platforms for phase-change photonic in-memory computing

Li¹,

Youngblood²,

Cheng³

et al. 2020

Optica

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Advances in artificial intelligence have greatly increased demand for data-intensive computing. Integrated photonics is a promising approach to meet this demand in big-data processing due to its potential for wide bandwidth, high speed, low latency, and low-energy computing. Photonic computing using phase-change materials combines the benefits of integrated photonics and co-located data storage, which of late has evolved rapidly as an emerging area of interest. In spite of rapid advances of demonstrations in this field on both silicon and silicon nitride platforms, a clear pathway towards choosing between the two has been lacking. In this paper, we systematically evaluate and compare computation performance of phase-change photonics on a silicon platform and a silicon nitride platform. Our experimental results show that while silicon platforms are superior to silicon nitride in terms of potential for integration, modulation speed, and device footprint, they require trade-offs in terms of energy efficiency. We then successfully demonstrate single-pulse modulation using phase-change optical memory on silicon photonic waveguides and demonstrate efficient programming, memory retention, and readout of > 4 bits of data per cell. Our approach paves the way for in-memory computing on the silicon photonic platform. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Section: Demonstration Of Single-pulse Recrystallization On Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of silicon and silicon nitride platforms for phase-change photonic in-memory computing

Li¹,

Youngblood²,

Cheng³

et al. 2020

Optica

Self Cite

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“…In addition, previously unknown phonon-phonon and electron-phonon scattering mechanisms could arise from topological phonons, which may provide new insights into the enhanced superconductivity of SrTiO 3 ( 26 , 59 ). The emergence of Weyl phonons may be accompanied by other unique physical properties such as a pseudogauge field with a one-way propagating bulk mode ( 60 – 62 ), topological negative refraction ( 18 ), and nonlinear acoustic/optical responses ( 63 , 64 ), which can offer new routes for designing novel technologies like light-controlled neuromorphic computing in phononic systems ( 65 , 66 ). Our work shows that oxide perovskites provide a promising platform to explore all of these phenomena and applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological phonons in oxide perovskites controlled by light

Peng

Murakami

et al. 2020

Sci. Adv.

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Perovskite oxides exhibit a rich variety of structural phases hosting different physical phenomena that generate multiple technological applications. We find that topological phonons—nodal rings, nodal lines, and Weyl points—are ubiquitous in oxide perovskites in terms of structures (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral), compounds (BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrTiO3), and external conditions (photoexcitation, strain, and temperature). In particular, in the tetragonal phase of these compounds, all types of topological phonons can simultaneously emerge when stabilized by photoexcitation, whereas the tetragonal phase stabilized by thermal fluctuations only hosts a more limited set of topological phonon states. In addition, we find that the photoexcited carrier concentration can be used to tune the topological phonon states and induce topological transitions even without associated structural phase changes. Overall, we propose oxide perovskites as a versatile platform in which to study topological phonons and their manipulation with light.

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“…[ 14,15,17 ] Once switched, the resulting state can be retained for more than ten years under ambient conditions in no need of any external power supply. [ 16,18 ] Additionally, PCMs can be reversibly switched by low‐energy [ 15,19–21 ] optical or electrical pulses on a sub‐nanosecond timescale [ 22–24 ] with potentially long endurance up to 10 15 cycles. [ 25 ] Besides, PCMs are highly scalable [ 26 ] and can be simply deposited via sputtering onto any substrate without the “lattice mismatch” issue.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonvolatile Electrically Reconfigurable Integrated Photonic Switch Enabled by a Silicon PIN Diode Heater

et al. 2020

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Reconfigurability of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has become increasingly important due to the growing demands for electronic–photonic systems on a chip driven by emerging applications, including neuromorphic computing, quantum information, and microwave photonics. Success in these fields usually requires highly scalable photonic switching units as essential building blocks. Current photonic switches, however, mainly rely on materials with weak, volatile thermo‐optic or electro‐optic modulation effects, resulting in large footprints and high energy consumption. As a promising alternative, chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) exhibit strong optical modulation in a static, self‐holding fashion, but the scalability of present PCM‐integrated photonic applications is still limited by the poor optical or electrical actuation approaches. Here, with phase transitions actuated by in situ silicon PIN diode heaters, scalable nonvolatile electrically reconfigurable photonic switches using PCM‐clad silicon waveguides and microring resonators are demonstrated. As a result, intrinsically compact and energy‐efficient switching units operated with low driving voltages, near‐zero additional loss, and reversible switching with high endurance are obtained in a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible process. This work can potentially enable very large‐scale CMOS‐integrated programmable electronic–photonic systems such as optical neural networks and general‐purpose integrated photonic processors.

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Plasmonic nanogap enhanced phase-change devices with dual electrical-optical functionality

Cited by 165 publications

References 41 publications

Experimental investigation of silicon and silicon nitride platforms for phase-change photonic in-memory computing

Experimental investigation of silicon and silicon nitride platforms for phase-change photonic in-memory computing

Topological phonons in oxide perovskites controlled by light

Nonvolatile Electrically Reconfigurable Integrated Photonic Switch Enabled by a Silicon PIN Diode Heater

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