The present work
reports on the assessment of widely available
waterproof cellulose-based substrates for the development of sensitive
in-drop plasmonic sensing approaches. The applicability of three inexpensive
substrates, namely, Whatman 1PS, polyethylene-coated filter paper,
and tracing paper, as holders for microvolumes of colloidal solutions
was evaluated. Waterproof cellulose-based substrates demonstrated
to be highly convenient platforms for analytical purposes, as they
enabled
in situ
generation of volatiles and syringeless
drop exposure unlike conventional single-drop microextraction approaches
and can behave as sample compartments for smartphone-based colorimetric
sensing in an integrated way. Remarkably, large drop volumes (≥20
μL) of colloidal solutions can be employed for enrichment processes
when using Whatman 1PS as holder. In addition, the stability and potential
applicability of spherical, rod-shaped, and core–shell metallic
NPs onto waterproof cellulose-based substrates was evaluated. In particular,
Au@AgNPs showed potential for the colorimetric detection of
in situ
generated H
2
S, I
2
, and Br
2
, whereas AuNRs hold promise for I
2
, Br
2
, and Hg
0
colorimetric sensing. As a proof of concept,
a smartphone-based colorimetric assay for determination of acid-labile
sulfide in environmental water samples was developed with the proposed
approach taking advantage of the ability of Au@AgNPs for H
2
S sensing. The assay showed a limit of detection of 0.46 μM
and a repeatability of 4.4% (
N
= 8), yielding satisfactory
recoveries (91–107%) when applied to the analysis of environmental
waters.