Plastic compression of long cylinders

Khvan, D. V.

doi:10.1007/bf01141966

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“…Apparently, the effect of antidepressants is less pronounced in the latter testing procedure, reflecting mainly the se~m-aental component of the pain reaction [8], than in the tests manifested on the cerebral level. Indeed, the suprasegmental analgesic effects of clonidine in the tests of "hot plate" and "vinegar spasms" induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid are related to the activating action of these factors upon the central adrenoreceptors [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant-enhanced analgesic action of clonidine

Андреева¹,

Golovina²,

Syubaev³

et al. 1997

Pharm Chem J

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Previously we have found that antidepressants such as imipramine, pyrazidol, incazan, and nialamide possess hypoalgesic activity and are capable of enhancing the action of anal~n and promedol [i]. It was also established that pyrazidol, incazan, and imipramine decreases the effect of small doses of clonidine (including the hypotensive and hypolocomotor action and the EEG synchronization reaction) and increase that effect of large doses (manifested by aggressive behavior and the EEG desynchronization reaction) [2,3]. The influence of these antidepressants on the analgesic properties of clonidine were not characterized.It was reported that tricyclic antidepressants of the type of amitryptiline may increase the analgesic action of clonidine [4]. Therefore it was of interest to study modification of the analgesic effect of clonidine under the action of original russian antidepressant drugs-reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidaze A (MAO-A), including pyrazidol, tetrindol, and incazan, the tricyclic antidepressant azaphen, the for-1 Center for Drug Chemistry-All-Russia Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 166eign antidepressant (reversible MAO-A inhibitor) moclobemide, and the "typical" tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (blocking the reverse neuronal trapping ofmonoamines). METHODSExperiments were performed on a group of male and female white mice weighing 20 -22 g.In the first series of experiments, we studied the pain spasm reaction ("vinegar spasm") induced by intraperitoneal injections (10 ml/kg) of a 0.6% acetic acid solution [5]. The analgesic effect was evaluated by the decrease in the average number of spasms during 5 min after the injection as compared to that in the control group.In the second series of experiments, the pain reaction was induced by the method of "hot plate" [6] and the analgesic effect was evaluated by the time the test animals quietly stayed on the plate (before the onset of licking the hind paws or attempts to jump out of the chamber).In the third series of experiments, the pain reaction was induced by the method of "tail jerking," whereby the proximal third of the tail was exposed for 20 see to a focused light beam of a 100-W incandescent lamp. The analgesic effect was evaluated by an increase in the latent period of the tail jerking reaction [7].Antidepressants were introduced at a dose of 10 mg/kg via a gastric tube 30 min before the subcutaneous injection of a clonidine solution (0.2-0.3 mg/kg). The pain factor was applied 30 min after the clonidine injection and the pain-induced reaction was evaluated.The experimental results were statistically processed using the Student t-criterion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAccording to the results of the "vinegar spasm" test, all the antidepressants studied in this work enhanced the analgesic action of clonidine, as was manifested by a greater decrease in the number of spasms compared to that in the case of clonidine injected alone (Table 1). The activities ofpyrazidol, tetrindol, and incazan were close to one another. ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%