“…The general structure 1 corresponding author: ++49 234 32-26033, email: chau.le@rub.de of continuum dislocation theory (CDT) must therefore reflect this physical reality: energy decrease by nucleation of GNDs and resistance to the motion of GNDs due to dissipation. Just in recent years various phenomenological models of crystals with continuously distributed dislocations which are able to predict the density of GNDs as well as the accompanying size effects have been proposed in [1,11,12,6,7,9,31,32,33,18,19,20,30,16,28,29] (see also the finite strain CDT proposed by Le and Stumpf [34,35,36], Ortiz and Repetto [38], Ortiz et al [39], Le and Günther [27], Koster et al [21]).…”