Plastic Flow and Strain Homogeneity of an Equal Channel Angular Pressing Process Enhanced through Forward Extrusion

Abstract

The plastic deformation behavior of forward extrusion, equal channel angular pressing, and a combination of the forward extrusion and equal channel angular pressing processes are analyzed by the finite element method. Simulations were carried out under realistic conditions by considering the strain hardening of the material and the degree of friction. Strain homogeneity in the combined processes is also compared to that of the individual forward extrusion and equal channel angular pressing processes. The plastic flow is more complicated and the strain induced is non-uniform in the combined processes. However, the combined processes show no corner gap formation. Moreover, it led to the development of higher strains in a single step compared to the individual processes. In addition, the load requirements for the combined processes are higher than the summation of loads of the individual processes.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the annealed 6060 aluminium alloy processed by ECAP method

“…SPD techniques such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high pressure torsion (HPT), and accumulative roll bounding (ARB) are already well established for obtaining ultrafine grained materials [3][4][5][6][7]. The ECAP method is an especially attractive technique for several reasons: the process depends on die types (shape and angle of channels) and its method is relatively simple; the process can be used for the pressing of large samples with potential to manufacture materials with large area in structural applications and can be used on almost every type of material [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. ECAP consists of repetitive punching of a billet through two of the same cross-sectional channels intersecting at an angle .…”

Microstructural Evolution and Properties of a Hot Extruded and HPT‐Processed Resorbable Magnesium WE43 Alloy

“…[18] Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT) are two of the most attractive SPD processing techniques where ECAP denotes the pressing of a bar through a die constrained within a channel that is bent through an abrupt angle and HPT denotes placing a disk in depressions between two massive anvils and then subjecting to a pressure, P, and concurrent torsional straining. [19,20] Generally, HPT is now conducted under quasi-constrained conditions where the disks have diameters of ~10-20 mm and thicknesses of ~0.8 mm and there is some limited outflow of material around the periphery of the disk during the processing operation. [21] Several results have now established that, by comparison with other SPD techniques including ECAP, processing by HPT produces materials having both smaller grain sizes and a higher fraction of grain boundaries having high angles of misorientation.…”