“…Gang Chen et al [4] used numerical simulation method to study limit load of LWT elbow under internal pressure and in-plane bending moment, analyzed the impact on load capacity of elbow from aspects of combined loads, defective size, position and elbow size, and discussed the typical failure mode. Zhixiang Duan et al [5,6] employed finite element and experimental verification, did some researches of limit load of elbows with LWT in extrados under the combined effects of internal pressure and bending moment, and acquired the safety assessment method of elbows with LWT under this load condition. Huimin Zhang et al [7,8] through nonlinear finite element analysis, acquired the limit load of elbows with volume defects under the effects of internal pressure, in plane bending moment, out-of-plane bending moment and torque and did a systematic analysis of geometric parameters connected with volume defects and pipelines.…”