Plastic waste management via thermochemical conversion of plastics into fuel: a review

Alam, Shah Saud; Khan, Afzal Husain; Khan, Nadeem A.

doi:10.1080/15567036.2022.2097750

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…In general, plastics are typically made from petrochemicals such as ethylene, naphtha, styrene, ethylene glycol, and propylene and are hence nondegradable and only useful once . A significant proportion of waste plastics have high volatile content (>85 wt %) on a dry basis, enabling chemical recycling to produce biofuels with significant calorific values . Nevertheless, their volatile matter and composition content can vary by region and consumer preference.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compositional differences can significantly impact the product output when chemical recycling techniques are used . In addition, some of the feedstock’s nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine might cause harmful emissions throughout the production and final usage of value-added goods …”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 A significant proportion of waste plastics have high volatile content (>85 wt %) on a dry basis, enabling chemical recycling to produce biofuels with significant calorific values. 58 Nevertheless, their volatile matter and composition content can vary by region and consumer preference. These compositional differences can significantly impact the product output when chemical recycling techniques are used.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59 In addition, some of the feedstock's nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine might cause harmful emissions throughout the production and final usage of value-added goods. 58 Proximate and ultimate analyses are typically used to describe the compositions of feedstock. 60 The feedstock is classified by proximate analysis based on volatile matter, fixed carbon, moisture, and ash.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

2022

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The generation of solid waste and lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) residues and their environmentally responsible disposal have emerged as major global challenges. A major part (around 12%) of solid waste is plastic, and the increased accumulation has become a serious public health and environmental hazard. For the combined management of residual LCB biomass and plastic waste, thermochemical conversion, particularly gasification, appears to be a potential alternative. Gasification is a process that turns high carbon-containing solid feedstocks into a combustible gas mixture known as syngas or producer gas based on the gasifying agent. Co-gasification (the gasification of two distinct feedstocks) has the potential to facilitate eco-friendly plastic waste disposal while also contributing to the production of green energy. The literature on the co-gasification of LCB and plastic waste is reviewed in the current study. These are mostly experimental studies on biomass and plastics carried out in various reactors with multiple gasifying mediums. The synergistic effects of various feedstock compositions and attributes are examined during co-gasification using experimental studies and reactor-level modeling. The impacts of operating parameters on the gas yield, tar formation, and gasifier performance are also analyzed. Finally, the challenges, research gaps, and the way toward commercialization in the context of co-gasification of various combinations of LCB and plastics are presented.

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Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass (Lcb) and Plastic Feedstock Characte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

2022

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“…Municipal solid waste (MSW) encompasses a wide range of waste materials that originate from homes, businesses, institutions, and industries in urban areas 1 . It includes papers, plastics, glasses, metals, food scraps, clothes, yard wastes, and other miscellaneous waste materials 2 . The volume, composition, and management needs of the MSW make it an environmental, economic, and social challenge 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of prevalent leachate percolation of municipal solid waste landfill: a case study in India

Alam,

Khan,

Islam

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Landfill leachate forms when waste-inherent water and percolated rainfall transfer are highly toxic, corrosive, acidic, and full of environmental pollutants. The release of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites poses a severe hazard to human health and aquatic life. This study examined the impact of leachate from Delhi’s Ghazipur landfill on the nearby groundwater quality. Analysis of leachate samples was done to determine various parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD5, COD, nitrate, sulphate, chloride and iron, and presence of coliform bacteria. Significant dissolved elements (22,690–34,525 mg/L) were observed in the samples, indicated by the high conductivity value (1156–1405 mho/cm). However, a stable pH range (6.90–7.80) of leachate samples was observed due to high alkalinity concentrations between 2123 and 3256 mg/L. The inverse distance weighing (IDW) interpolation tool from QGIS 3.22.7 developed spatial interpolated models for each parameter across the Ghazipur area. The IDW interpolated graphs of various parameters over the whole study area confirmed these contaminations. In addition, leachate and groundwater samples were physio-chemically analyzed, and temporal fluctuation in landfill waste has also been studied. The temporal fluctuation results showed that when heat is produced, transmitted, and lost throughout the waste system, the maximum temperature position fluctuates over time. The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of landfill management in reducing groundwater contamination from MSW leachate.

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Unlocking a Sustainable Future for Plastics: A Chemical‐Enzymatic Pathway for Efficient Conversion of Mixed Waste to MHET and Energy‐Saving PET Recycling

Li,

Wu,

Cui

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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The heterogeneous monomers obtained from plastic waste degradation are unfavorable for PET recondensation and high‐value derivative synthesis. Herein, we developed an efficient chemical‐enzymatic approach to convert mixed plastic wastes into homogeneous mono‐2‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET) without downstream purification, benefiting from three discovered BHETases (KbEst, KbHyd, and BrevEst) in nature. Towards the mixed plastic waste, integrating the chemical K2CO3‐driven glycolysis process with the BHETase depolymerization technique resulted in an MHET yield of up to 98.26% in 40 h. Remarkably, BrevEst accomplished the highest BHET hydrolysis (~87% efficiency in 12 h) for yielding analytical‐grade MHET compared to seven state‐of‐the‐art PET hydrolases (18%‐40%). In an investigation combining quantum theoretical computations and experimental validations, we established a MHET‐initiated PET repolymerization pathway. This shortcut approach with MHET promises to strengthen the valorization of mixed plastics, offering a substantially more efficient and energy‐saving route for PET recycling.

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Plastic waste management via thermochemical conversion of plastics into fuel: a review

Cited by 25 publications

References 154 publications

A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

A Critical Outlook on Lignocellulosic Biomass and Plastics Co-Gasification: A Mini-Review

Identification of prevalent leachate percolation of municipal solid waste landfill: a case study in India

Unlocking a Sustainable Future for Plastics: A Chemical‐Enzymatic Pathway for Efficient Conversion of Mixed Waste to MHET and Energy‐Saving PET Recycling

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