Plasticity in Expression of Co-Transmitters and Autonomic Nerves in Aging and Disease

Burnstock, G

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8047-4_27

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…For example, after acute myocardial infarction, vasodilator abnormalities have been reported not only in resistance vessels in infarcted myocardium but also in those in distant myocardium perfused by normal coronary vessels [34], Thus, after injury, changes in the innervation of the vasculature may be more widespread than previously thought. Plasticity of the autonomic ner vous system is well documented [23,35], often involving changes contralateral to the site of injury [20,36]. These and the present studies demonstrate that caution is re quired when using vessels contralateral to experimental manipulation as controls, as is often the case in studies of unilateral balloon catheterisation of the carotid [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Neurocompensatory Responses to Balloon-Catheter-Induced Injury of the Rat Carotid Artery

Milner

Crowe²,

Loesch³

et al. 1997

J Vasc Res

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Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty relieves discrete arterial stenosis but causes extensive vascular injury. There is denudation of the endothelium and variable medial disruption, but the effect on adventitial structures has not been studied in detail. We have investigated the innervation of the left and right carotid arteries after unilateral balloon-catheter-induced injury. Immunohistochemical examination of the arteries 1 day after Fogarty-catheter-induced injury of the left common carotid artery revealed a reduction in the density of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP)-, substance P (SP)- and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerves close to the medial smooth muscle of the injured vessel. At the same time, on the side contralateral to the injury, there was a substantial increase in the density of PGP-, SP- and CGRP-containing nerves innervating the carotid artery and vasa vasorum compared to controls. Immunoassay data from these vessels showed a selective increase in SP and CGRP contents of the contralateral carotid artery (SP, controls 0.02 +/- 0.01, operated 0.59 +/- 0.32 pmol/cm; CGRP, controls 0.03 +/- 0.01, operated 0.14 +/- 0.03 pmol/cm, n = 6, p < 0.05). Neuropeptide Y levels were unchanged. Twenty-eight days after surgery, at which time a neointima was present, peptide levels were no different from controls, and the innervation of both the left and right carotid arteries and vasa vasorum was indistinguishable from the controls. In conclusion, balloon-catheter-induced injury includes damage to the perivascular nerves and induces a transient increase in the density of sensory neuropeptide-containing nerves innervating the contralateral, uninjured side. This novel observation may reflect neurocompensatory responses to vascular injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Neurocompensatory Responses to Balloon-Catheter-Induced Injury of the Rat Carotid Artery

Milner

Crowe²,

Loesch³

et al. 1997

J Vasc Res

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“…A growing number of studies have been concerned with changes in autonomic nerves in development and aging (71,72). Many of these studies addressed the innervation of blood vessels.…”

Section: Long-term (Trophic) Signaling and Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Neurotransmission: 60 Years Since Sir Henry Dale

Burnstock

2009

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

110

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In the early twentieth century, Sir Henry Dale and others described brilliant studies of autonomic neurotransmission utilizing acetylcholine and noradrenaline. However, within the past 60 years, new discoveries have changed our understanding of the organization of the autonomic nervous system, including the structure and function of the nonsynaptic autonomic neuroeffector junction, the multiplicity of neurotransmitters, cotransmission, neuromodulation, dual control of vascular tone by perivascular nerves and endothelial cells, the molecular biology of receptors, and trophic signaling. Further, it is now recognized that an outstanding feature of autonomic neurotransmission is the inherent plasticity afforded by its structural and neurochemical organization and the interaction between expression of neural mediators and environmental factors. In this way, autonomic neurotransmission is matched to ongoing changes in demands and can sometimes be compensatory in pathophysiological situations.

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“…Plasticity of autonomic nerves during development and ageing has been discovered in the bladder and sexual organs (Burnstock, 1991;Lincoln & Burnstock, 1993). In the rat seminal vesicles both pre-and postjunctional mechanisms appear to contribute to age-related modi®cation of the responsiveness to sympathomimetic agonists, which include loss of function of the neuronal uptake system as well as modi®ca-tions of the postjunctional adrenoceptors (Docherty & O'Malley, 1983;Hyland & Docherty, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related changes in purinergic and adrenergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission in guinea‐pig seminal vesicles

Pinna

Rubino

Burnstock

1997

British J Pharmacology

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1 Purinergic and adrenergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission and contractile responses to exogenous a,b-methylene ATP and noradrenaline have been investigated in the seminal vesicles of 1-day (new-born), 2-weeks (young), 12-weeks (adult) and 2-years old (aged) guinea-pigs. 2 In seminal vesicles of new-born guinea-pigs electrical ®eld stimulation (EFS; 80 V, 0.5 ms for 30 s, 2 ± 32 Hz) evoked tonic frequency-related contractions. In 2-weeks old guinea-pigs the tonic contraction masked an initial phasic component of the neurogenic responses, whereas in 12-weeks and 2-years old guinea-pigs, neurogenic responses were biphasic, a phasic response being followed by a tonic contraction. In all experimental groups, prazosin (10 76 M) blocked the tonic contraction while desensitization of P2X receptors by a,b-methylene ATP (10 74 M) abolished the phasic responses. 3 The phasic purinergic component of the neurogenic response was signi®cantly higher in 12-weeks and 2-years old animals, compared with 2-weeks old guinea-pigs. At 32 Hz phasic contractions were (mN mg 71 tissue): 0.047+0.012, 0.018+0.040 and 0.147+0.026 in 2-weeks, 12-weeks and 2-years old guinea-pigs, respectively. In contrast, the tonic adrenergic component of the neurogenic contraction signi®cantly declined at 12-weeks and 2-years compared with 2-weeks old guinea-pigs. 4 Contractile responses (mN mg 71 tissue) to the highest concentration of a,b-methylene ATP tested were signi®cantly higher in 2-weeks (0.248+0.022) than in 1-day old animals (0.113+0.012) and decreased in 12-weeks (0.163+0.016) and 2-years old guinea-pigs (0.200+0.008). The pD 2 values for the purinoceptor agonist were also signi®cantly lower in adult (4.74+0.20) and aged guinea-pigs (5.22+0.08) compared with 2-weeks old animals (5.91+0.27). Conversely, responses to the highest concentration of noradrenaline gradually decreased with age, without signi®cant changes in the pD 2 values. Contractile responses to KCl (240 mM) did not di er signi®cantly between the experimental groups. 5 These results demonstrate age-related changes in purinergic and adrenergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission in the guinea-pig seminal vesicles. The purinergic component is absent in new-born animals and it appears fully developed in adult and old guinea-pigs, while the adrenergic component decreases with age. Pre-and postjunctional mechanisms contributing to the age-related changes of sympathetic neurotransmission are discussed.

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Plasticity in Expression of Co-Transmitters and Autonomic Nerves in Aging and Disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Neurocompensatory Responses to Balloon-Catheter-Induced Injury of the Rat Carotid Artery

Neurocompensatory Responses to Balloon-Catheter-Induced Injury of the Rat Carotid Artery

Autonomic Neurotransmission: 60 Years Since Sir Henry Dale

Age‐related changes in purinergic and adrenergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission in guinea‐pig seminal vesicles

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