Plasticity of boldness: high perceived risk eliminates a relationship between boldness and body size in fathead minnows

Meuthen, Denis; Ferrari, Maud C. O.; Lane, Taylor; Chivers, Douglas P.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.11.003

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In turn, it is shown (Meuthen et al, 2019) that in the dimensional structure of the fish community from sections with a high number of predators, which corresponds to our sections No. 1 and 2, small fish predominate (juveniles).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…1 and 2, small fish predominate (juveniles). It has been established (Roy & Bhat, 2018;Meuthen et al, 2019) that smaller fish are bolder; therefore, small-sized cyprinids predominate in sections of the river No. 1 and 2, although here was also the largest share of percids from the all studied sections at 25.0% and 22.9%, respectively, against 18.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of migratory fish in the stream (depth, velocity, body size, predators)

Chemagin¹

2019

Biosys. divers.

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In order to supplement the available information for the eco-hydraulic approach to designing fish passages, taking into account the taxonomic, dimensional structure, as well as taking into account the presence of predatory fish in the stream, the distribution of migratory fish of the boreal plain faunistic complex (Russian Federation) was studied. Three depth-velocity sections from the shore to the midstream were investigated: 5 m and 27.8 cm/s, 8 m and 44.4 cm/s, 11 m and 55.6 cm/s. Analysis of the migration distribution of fish showed that in the direction from the shore to the midstream, the proportion of representatives of Cyprinidae decreases from 41.8–24.3% and that of Percidae decreases from 25.0–18.4%. For individuals of two groups: the Acipenseridae and Lotidae, Coregonidae and Esocidae, patterns of distribution in the structure of migratory fish are opposite – their share increases with increasing speed and depth characteristics: 23.0–40.2% and 10.2–17.1%, respectively. An assessment of the dimensional structure revealed a feature of increase in the size range of fish from the shore to the midstream: the dominance of small individuals (<10 cm) in the shore area is replaced by the dominance of large fish (> 30 cm) in the area of higher speeds and depths. A significant difference in the distribution for all studied taxonomic fish groups between the shore and the midstream was shown. Thus, it has been established that for Cyprinidae during the migration period, the choice shifts in favour of minimizing energy costs, and the choice to avoid the risk of predation from individuals of the groups: Coregonidae and Esocidae, and also Percidae, shifts in favour of the former. The distribution of perch is influenced by the reduction of energy costs and the simultaneous avoidance of predation and cannibalism. For the fish group Acipenseridae and Lotidae, their predominance in the deeper area is due to their less developed visual orientation mechanism in the stream because they are bottom-living fish species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of migratory fish in the stream (depth, velocity, body size, predators)

Chemagin¹

2019

Biosys. divers.

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“…Long-term exposure to high perceived predation risk as communicated through these cues during development plastically induces generalized neophobia (Meuthen et al 2016). In adult fish, high perceived risk during development induces male-specific morphological modifications (Meuthen et al 2018a), alters loser strategies during intrasexual competition (Meuthen et al 2019a), and plastically adjusts mate preferences by lowering investment into mate choice (Meuthen et al 2019b). Our aim here was to study the impact of the same developmental environment on the cellular immune system in the P. taeniatus individuals from the studies by Meuthen et al (2016), Meuthen et al (2018a), Meuthen et al (2019b), and Meuthen et al (2019a).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adult fish, high perceived risk during development induces male-specific morphological modifications (Meuthen et al 2018a), alters loser strategies during intrasexual competition (Meuthen et al 2019a), and plastically adjusts mate preferences by lowering investment into mate choice (Meuthen et al 2019b). Our aim here was to study the impact of the same developmental environment on the cellular immune system in the P. taeniatus individuals from the studies by Meuthen et al (2016), Meuthen et al (2018a), Meuthen et al (2019b), and Meuthen et al (2019a). To ensure that we studied antipredator plasticity in the differential leukocyte profiles of P. taeniatus rather than a short-term response to environmental modification, we investigated the immune response of P. taeniatus after individuals had completed more than half of their lifetime under high perceived predation risk.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory plastic response of the cellular immune system in the face of future injury: chronic high perceived predation risk induces lymphocytosis in a cichlid fish

Meuthen

Bakker

et al. 2020

Oecologia

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Vertebrate cellular immunity displays substantial variation among taxa and environments. Hematological parameters such as white blood-cell counts have emerged as a valuable tool to understand this variation by assessing the immunological status of individuals. These tools have long revealed that vertebrate cellular immune systems are highly plastic and respond to injury and infection. However, cellular immune systems may also be able to anticipate a high risk of injury from environmental cues (e.g., predation-related cues) and respond plastically ahead of time. We studied white blood-cell (leukocyte) profiles in African cichlids Pelvicachromis taeniatus that were raised for 4 years under different levels of perceived predation risk. In a split-clutch design, we raised fish from hatching onwards under chronic exposure to either conspecific alarm cues (communicating high predation risk) or a distilled water control treatment. Differential blood analysis revealed that alarm cue-exposed fish had twice as many lymphocytes in peripheral blood as did controls, a condition called lymphocytosis. The presence of a higher number of lymphocytes makes the cellular immune response more potent, which accelerates the removal of invading foreign antigens from the bloodstream, and, therefore, may be putatively beneficial in the face of injury. This observed lymphocytosis after long-term exposure to conspecific alarm cues constitutes first evidence for an anticipatory and adaptive plastic response of the cellular immune system to future immunological challenges.

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“…These were either a control treatment of distilled water ('control fish') or chemical alarm cues derived from ground whole conspecifics ('alarm cue-exposed fish') in a concentration of 7.2 mg/l, which induces clear behavioural and morphological anti-predator responses in P. taeniatus (Meuthen et al, 2016(Meuthen et al, , 2018aMeuthen et al, 2018b) and in other fish (Chivers & Smith, 1994a). Conspecific alarm cues are innately recognized cues (Chivers & Smith, 1994a,b) and the effects of prolonged exposure to them mirror findings from natural water bodies where predators are present (Stabell & Lwin, 1997;Laforsch et al, 2006;Meuthen et al, 2019b). Also, in contrast to predator odours, fish do not appear to habituate to conspecific alarm cues even after repeated exposure (Imre et al, 2016).…”

Section: Experimental Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predatory developmental environments shape loser behaviour in animal contests

Meuthen

Bakker

Thünken

2019

Behav.

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High predation risk during development induces phenotypic changes in animals. However, little is known about how these plastic responses affect signalling and competitiveness during contests. Herein, we have studied the consequences of anti-predator plasticity during the intra-sexual competition of Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a cichlid fish with mutual mate choice. We staged contests between adult size-matched siblings of the same sex derived from different environments: one fish was regularly exposed to conspecific alarm cues since the larval stage (simulating predator presence), the other fish to control conditions. Rearing environment did not affect the winner of contests or total aggression within a fight. However, contest behaviour differed between treatments. The effects were especially pronounced in alarm cue-exposed fish that lost a contest: they generally displayed lower aggression than winners but also lower aggression than losers of the control treatment. Thus, perceived predator presence modulates intra-sexual competition behaviour by increasing the costs associated with fighting.

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Plasticity of boldness: high perceived risk eliminates a relationship between boldness and body size in fathead minnows

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Distribution of migratory fish in the stream (depth, velocity, body size, predators)

Distribution of migratory fish in the stream (depth, velocity, body size, predators)

Anticipatory plastic response of the cellular immune system in the face of future injury: chronic high perceived predation risk induces lymphocytosis in a cichlid fish

Predatory developmental environments shape loser behaviour in animal contests

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