“…In artificial learning systems, this problem manifests as catastrophic forgetting, where previously acquired information is overwritten unless weight changes are limited (Hassabis et al, 2017; McClelland and Rumelhart, 1985; McCloskey and Cohen, 1989). While half a century of experimental and theoretical work on biological synaptic plasticity has focused on how plasticity is induced (Froemke et al, 2005; Golding et al, 2002; Gordon et al, 2006; Kampa et al, 2006; Kumar et al, 2021; Letzkus et al, 2006; Magó et al, 2020; Markram et al, 1997; Sjöström and Häusser, 2006; Weber et al, 2016) and maintained within a working range (Abraham, 2008; Bienenstock et al, 1982; Cooper and Bear, 2012; Lee and Kirkwood, 2019; Li et al, 2019; Turrigiano, 2008), little is currently known about how neurons sustain fundamental information throughout a lifetime of experience-dependent plasticity.…”