Plasticity of the Human Olfactory System: The Olfactory Bulb

Huart, Caroline; Rombaux, Philippe; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.3390/molecules180911586

Cited by 109 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…We did not investigate controls. The olfactory bulb is known to be a highly plastic structure [16], representing an important relay between periphery and central brain structures. In healthy subjects, it varies in size with age and sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI Study: Objective Olfactory Function and CNS Pathologies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Holinski¹,

Schmidt²,

Dahlslett³

et al. 2014

Eur Neurol

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by CNS lesions causing physical and cognitive impairment. Using psychophysical testing, an olfactory disorder is diagnosed in 15-38.5% of patients with MS. Olfactometry permits objective testing of the sensory nerve function. Methods: The study looked at 20 patients with MS. Clinical, olfactory (chemosensory evoked potentials), and MRI data (volume of the bulbus olfactorius (BO), olfactory brain (OB), lesions in the CNS) were analyzed. Results: 25 percent of patients were hyposmic, exhibiting higher OB lesion volumes and smaller bulb volumes. H₂S and CO₂ latencies and the BO volume (inversely) correlated with the volume and number of MS lesions of the olfactory brain in all patients. Patients with a smaller olfactory bulb volume exhibited longer H₂S latencies (p = 0.025). Conclusion: A relationship between olfactory bulb volume, olfactory brain lesion load, and objective olfactory function testing in MS patients was investigated in all patients. Our data shows that brain damage characteristic of MS, including reduced bulb volume, causes an increase in chemosensory potential latencies and an olfactory function deficit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI Study: Objective Olfactory Function and CNS Pathologies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Holinski¹,

Schmidt²,

Dahlslett³

et al. 2014

Eur Neurol

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“…The collaboration with a radiologist is also a difficulty, because the most important imaging examination goal is to measure the volume of the olfactory bulb 13 . This can be realised only by a specialist with a good experience in this field.…”

Section: Our Experience In Olfactometric Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactometric assessment - where do we stand today?

Melinte

Sarafoleanu

2016

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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Having an enormous importance not only in one's quality of life, but also in one's health and personal safety, the olfactory function assessment has begun to gain more and more interest amongst the ENT practitioners. However, at the moment, there is no worldwide accepted evaluation protocol available despite the fact that studies regarding smell disorders and their evaluation have been published all over the world. The purpose of this article is to present the olfactory assessment methods practiced today not only in different clinics from Europe and the USA, but also in Romania, because we have recently started to study the olfactory function disturbances. Three of the most interesting clinical cases, assessed in our ENT Department of the "Sfanta Maria" Clinical Hospital between 2015 and 2016, will be discussed in the current paper.

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“…The OB volume varies depending on olfactory sensibility and is reduced in patients with olfactory impairment. An interesting fact is that the OB volume can grow during recovery, highlighting its plasticity 38 . MRI protocol implies coronal 2-mm-thick T2-weighted images.…”

Section: Assessment In Olfactory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI protocol implies coronal 2-mm-thick T2-weighted images. These images manage to evaluate the anatomical olfactory tract, the existence of any parenchymal lesions and the volume of the olfactory bulb 38 . Applying planimetric delineation in all frontal slices of the FSE T2-weighted sequence gives the possibility to measure the olfactory bulb volume as follows: the OB surface (in mm 2 ) is contoured, then the sum of the surfaces on all slices is calculated and, in the end, the result is multiplied by the thickness of the sequences.…”

Section: Assessment In Olfactory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For healthy people under 45 years the average volume of the olfactory bulb is 58 mm 3 , while for those aged over 45 years the minimum volume of the olfactory bulb is 46 mm 3 . 38 Psychophysical testing of orthonasal olfaction. There are several screening tests for orthonasal olfaction and specific examination procedures.…”

Section: Assessment In Olfactory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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