Plasticized poly(vinylalcohol) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) based patches with tunable mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are the two most investigated biopolymers for various tissue engineering applications. However, their poor tensile strength renders them unsuitable for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE).In this study, we developed and evaluated PVA-PVP-based patches, plasticized with glycerol or propylene glycol (0.1%-0.4%; v:v), for their application in CTE. The cardiac patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical (weight, thickness, folding endurance, FT-IR, and swelling behavior) and mechanical properties. The optimized patches were characterized for their ability to support in vitro attachment, viability, proliferation, and beating behavior of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs). In vivo evaluation of the cardiac patches was done under the subcutaneous skin pouch and heart of rat models. Results showed that the optimized molar ratio of PVA:PVP with plasticizers (0.3%; v-v) resulted in cardiac patches, which were dry at room temperature and had desirable folding endurance of at least 300, a tensile strength of 6-23 MPa and, percentage elongation at break of more than 250%.Upon contact with phosphate-buffered saline, these PVA-PVP patches formed hydrogel patches having the tensile strength of 1.3-3.0 MPa. The patches supported the attachment, viability, and proliferation of primary neonatal mouse CMs and were nonirritant and noncorrosive to cardiac cells. In vivo transplantation of cardiac patches into a subcutaneous pouch and on the heart of rat models revealed them to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and safe for use in CTE applications.

3D Printed Buccal Films for Prolonged-Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride: Development, Characterization and Bioavailability Prediction

“…However, sharper creases can be observed in the images of formulations F4 and F6 (Figure 4d,f, respectively). The creases could be explained by the different stiffness of triple-helix gelatin molecules compared to PVP or PVA molecules [64,65]. The presence of the undissolved drug was not observed, as can be seen in Figure 4b,d,f [66].…”

Advances in hydrogel-based vascularized tissues for tissue repair and drug screening

“…Although the perfusable vascular analogs have exhibited promising results towards the construction of various organs in vitro , the utilization of such biomimetic constructs in tissue regeneration upon clinical transplantation place high demands on the vascular alignment, which still remains limited for regeneration and implantation of large-scale engineered tissues, such as skeletal muscle, shin epithelium, liver, and other major organs [ [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ]. Indeed, capillaries are the places where blood and tissues exchange substances, including nutrition and waste products [ 62 , 63 ].…”

“…An impressive spectrum of cell biology, versatile hydrogels, and clinical pathology has enabled the formation of 3D tissue analogs with promoted vascularization. To date, an extensive study has demonstrated various organ types that can be mimicked by hydrogels, including but not limited to bone [ 77 , 95 , [163] , [164] , [165] ], kidney [ [52] , [53] , [54] ], liver [ [55] , [56] , [57] ], lung [ 160 , 166 , 167 ], muscle [ [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ], and brain [ 138 , 168 ]. Ultimately, the generation of these reproducible and accurate 3D organoids has extended the downstream translational applications, including tissue regeneration ( Table 3 ), organ-on-chips ( Table 4 ), and drug screening ( Table 5 ).…”

Biomaterials-based Approaches for Cardiac Regeneration

“…In addition, synthetic materials can be engineered with biological cues to interact with the physiological microenvironment. 41) Over the past decade, materials such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), 37) 42) poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), 43) 44) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), 45) biodegradable polyurethane (PU), 46) poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), 47) 48) poly(vinyl alcohol), 49) and polyethylene glycol(+) 24) 35) 36) 50) 51) have been commonly used for the engineering of cardiac patches. However, whether synthetic materials can fully mimic physiological conditions of the ECM remain questionable, as their structural composition drastically differs from their biological counterparts.…”

“…Though there remain shortcomings and challenges, the promising results of numerous clinical trials demonstrate the potential of biomaterials for clinical applications regarding cardiac regeneration ( Table 2 ). 4) 8) 10) 11) 13) 14) 18) 19) 20) 21) 23) 24) 25) 34) 35) 36) 37) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 56) 65) 77) 82) 87) 91) 98) 99) With the advent of stem cell-based and genome editing technologies for cardiac engineering, the translational potential of these biomaterials-based approaches will continue to grow. 100) …”