Plásticos en la agricultura: beneficio y costo ambiental: una revisión

Abstract

The use in agriculture of diverse plastic elements, such as bags, covers, hoses, between others, and the inappropriate destruction, translates into environmental and visual pollution of the Colombian field. The present manuscript presents an analysis of the main uses of these products, of their useful life, of its positive or negative bio-degradability and its potential environmental cost, based on recommendations of its management, described in the literature, field observations and suggestions of ways to dispose of this "rubbish", once the elements comply with its purpose. Also, an analysis of a possible replacement of the "plastic" by other elements, less polluting, but potentially usable for the purposes are included in the interest of the agricultural fruit production, soil protection, weed management, between other agronomic practices. We conclude that despite the wide acceptance of the plasticulture technology this is not based on indigenous research that proves its benefits, but in adopting foreign knowledge. Substantial research activity is however being performed in the country in search of biodegradable polymers that could replace the synthetic ones.

Biodegradable Raffia as a Sustainable and Cost-Effective Alternative to Improve the Management of Agricultural Waste Biomass

“…Plastic materials manufactured from polypropylene (PP) have been broadly studied and their negative impacts on the environment and human health have been clearly identified [41][42][43][44]113,124,125]. The negative impacts result from the manufacturing process [121,126], during the use and management stages in the greenhouses, and in the final disposal phase of this material in Almería.…”

“…The strategy promotes sustainability throughout the value chain to reduce impacts on the environment. The strategy highlights the need to increase the recycling of plastic in agriculture, and to embrace alternatives involving plastic manufactured from biological and sustainable raw materials that contribute to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels [44,76,125].…”

“…Main problems related to the use of non-biodegradable raffia. Source: Prepared by the authors from[33,[41][42][43][44]63,71,76,96,100,101,121,122,124,125].…”

EFECTO DEL USO DE VERMICOMPOST, ACOLCHADO ORGÁNICO Y COBERTURA PLÁSTICA SOBRE ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES DEL SUELO Y EL CULTIVO DE BRÓCOLI (Brassica oleracea L.), EN PERÚ

“…La cobertura plástica del suelo es una tecnología emergente usado para contener la evaporación del suelo, limitar el crecimiento de malezas, controlar la temperatura del suelo, retener humedad y aislar el fruto cosechado del suelo (Zenner y Peña, 2013). La utilización de diferentes tipos de coberturas sobre el suelo es una técnica muy antigua que consiste en colocar materiales como paja, aserrín, cascara de arroz, papel o plástico para cubrir el suelo con la finalidad de proteger al cultivo y al suelo de agentes atmosféricos adversos, promover cosechas precoces, mejorar rendimientos y calidad de los productos hortícolas (Miles et al, 2012;Rajablariani et al, 2012;Kasirajan y Ngouajio, 2012;Zenner y Peña, 2013;Haapala et al, 2014;Frutos et al, 2016;Thentu et al, 2016;Ghimire et al, 2018). También, Ponjičan et al (2021) destaca que el uso de la cobertura plástica como mantillo en la producción de repollo de primavera (Brassica oleracea L.), además de mejorar los rendimientos del cultivo, tuvo efectos positivos en la calidad del ecosistema.…”

Plásticos y Tecnopor: la especie animal entre la vida y la muerte

“…Anualmente se producen 380 millones de toneladas, de las cuales las tres cuartas partes son destinadas a la basura (Buteler, 2019) y su uso se ha extendido, aparte de los envases, a la fabricación de componentes industriales de automoción, vivienda, vestido y todo tipo de bienes de consumo, con un crecimiento de 4% al año (Arandes et al, 2004). La utilización de los diferentes plásticos como bolsas, cintas, coberturas y mangueras en la agricultura contaminan las tierras (Zenner & Peña, 2013).…”