Plastics

Walker, Tony R.; McGuinty, Eamonn

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_55-1

The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability 2021

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_55-1

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Plastics

Tony R. Walker

Eamonn McGuinty

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

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Plastic recycling: A panacea or environmental pollution problem

Singh,

Walker

2024

npj Mater. Sustain.

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Increasing plastic waste is a critical global challenge to ecological and human health requiring focused solutions to reduce omnipresent plastic pollution in the environment. While recycling has been touted as one solution to counter plastic waste and resource utilization, it has been largely ineffective in offsetting the impact of rising global plastic production of more than 400 million metric tonnes annually, due to low global recycling rates of only 9%. Over three decades since implementing plastic resin codes, recycling has favoured thermoplastics, neglecting thermoset plastics. There is a constant need to enhance overall recycling efficiency by exploring advanced methods, as enormous gaps exist in fully unlocking the potential of plastic recycling. We identify critical gaps associated with plastic waste recycling and its potential environmental impacts. We discuss substantial progress in recycling technology, designs-for-recyclability with controlled chemical use, and economic incentives to expand markets for recycled plastics and to curb plastic leakage into the environment. Additionally, we highlight some emerging strategies and legally binding international policy instruments, such as the Global Plastics Treaty that require further development to reduce plastic waste and improve plastic recyclability.

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Plastic recycling: A panacea or environmental pollution problem

Singh,

Walker

2024

npj Mater. Sustain.

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Toxic effects on enzymatic activity, gene expression and histopathological biomarkers in organisms exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics: a review

et al. 2022

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Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become an important global environmental issue due to their widespread contamination in the environment. This review summarizes existing literature on the effects of MPs/NPs on three important biomarkers including enzymatic activity, gene expression, and histopathology in various organisms from 2016 to 2021 and suggests a path forward for future research. Application of enzymatic activity, gene expression, and histopathology biomarkers are increasingly used in experimental toxicology studies of MPs/NPs because of their early signs of environmental stress to organisms. Between 2016 to 2021, 70% of published studies focused on aquatic organisms, compared to terrestrial organisms. Zebrafish were widely used as a model organism to study adverse impacts of MPs/NPs. Polystyrene (PS) were the most important polymer used in experimental toxicology studies of MPs/NPs. Fewer studies focused on the histopathological alterations compared to studies on enzymatic activity and gene expression of different organisms exposed to MPs/NPs. There is a growing need to better understand toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs/NPs on enzymatic activity, gene expression, and histopathology biomarkers of both aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

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Development of a Highly Efficient Environmentally Friendly Plasticizer

2022

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The purpose of this work is the synthesis of adipic acid ester and the study of the possibility of its use as a PVC plasticizer. The resulting butyl phenoxyethyl adipate was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compatibility, effectiveness and plasticizing effect of butyl phenoxyethyl adipate in comparison with dioctylphthalate (DOP) were determined. The new environmentally friendly plasticizer has good compatibility with PVC and high thermal stability. The effectiveness of the plasticizing action of adipate based on the glass-transition temperature was 132.2 °C in relation to pure PVC and 7.7 °C in comparison to compounds based on DOP. An increase in the fluidity of the melt of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds in the temperature range of 160–205 °C by 19–50% confirms a decrease in the energy intensity of the processes of manufacturing and the processing of polymer materials containing a new additive.

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Plastics

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Plastic recycling: A panacea or environmental pollution problem

Plastic recycling: A panacea or environmental pollution problem

Toxic effects on enzymatic activity, gene expression and histopathological biomarkers in organisms exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics: a review

Development of a Highly Efficient Environmentally Friendly Plasticizer

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