Plastid DNA haplotype diversity and morphological variation in theDactylorhiza incarnata/maculatacomplex (Orchidaceae) in northern Poland

Abstract

To gain an overview of the variation in the Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata complex in northern Poland, ten plastid DNA regions (seven microsatellite and three indel loci) and 23 morphometric characters were used. In total, 972 and 480 samples from 64 and 31 populations were utilized for the genetic and morphometric analyses, respectively. One hundred and forty‐one haplotypes that have not been reported previously were recognized. The continuity of morphological characters between the studied species and the impact of post‐glacial colonization on the observed complexity in the Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata complex were concluded. It was confirmed that the allotetraploid group of D. majalis s.s. has inherited its plastid genome from D. maculata s.l., specifically from D. maculata ssp. fuchsii. In addition, some of the haplotypes found in D. majalis s.s. were distinct and evidently not present in the preserved D. maculata s.l. Although possible gene flow and introgression between two subspecies of the D. maculata s.l. group were indicated, we suggest that they should be treated as separate evolutionary units. Both the common and rare haplotypes show a similar pattern of geographical distribution for all four taxa analysed, which suggests that hybridization took place relatively recently, shortly after the retreat of the ice sheet. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 178, 121–137.

Glacial Refugia and Future Habitat Coverage of Selected Dactylorhiza Representatives (Orchidaceae)

“…The potential niche modeling was performed using the maximum entropy method implemented in MaxEnt version 3.3.2 [ 44 , 61 – 62 ] and based on species presence-only observations. The list of locations in which the Dactylorhiza populations were found was prepared based on available literature data [ 14 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 35 , 63 – 68 ] and information gathered during the field works [ 69 ]. Only these localities which could be precisely placed on the map ( Fig 1 ) were used in the analysis and the duplicate presence records were removed.…”

Herbarium-based studies on taxonomy, biogeography and ecology ofPsilochilus(Orchidaceae)

“…the length and width leaves. The recognition of this phenomenon is extremely important from the taxonomic point of view (Stace, 1991; Naczk et al, 2015). On the basis of the conducted morphometric analyses a continuity of morphological characteristics among the majority of studied species, distinguished in the work as separate taxonomic units was found.…”

Genetic diversity in Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis populations (Orchidaceae) of northern Poland

“…In this study, all populations were classified as D. majalis subsp. majalis and have previously been used in studies on plastid haplotypes (Naczk et al 2015).…”