Plastids unleashed: their development and their integration in plant development

López‐Juez, Enrique; Pyke, Kevin

doi:10.1387/ijdb.051997el

Cited by 301 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…In terms of cell cycle progression and photosynthesis, seed plants appear to have evolved a different strategy that depends on plastid differentiation. In seed plants, cell division is restricted to meristematic tissues, and proplastids in the shoot apical meristem are devoid of colour and nonphotosynthetic 28 . Proplastids differentiate into photosynthetic chloroplasts during the development of leaf cells that expand without any cell division (but with endoreduplication) 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In seed plants, cell division is restricted to meristematic tissues, and proplastids in the shoot apical meristem are devoid of colour and nonphotosynthetic 28 . Proplastids differentiate into photosynthetic chloroplasts during the development of leaf cells that expand without any cell division (but with endoreduplication) 28 . Thus, photosynthesis and cell Figure 7 | The uncoupling of cell cycle progression from circadian rhythms increases oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translation-independent circadian control of the cell cycle in a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote

et al. 2014

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Circadian rhythms of cell division have been observed in several lineages of eukaryotes, especially photosynthetic unicellular eukaryotes. However, the mechanism underlying the circadian regulation of the cell cycle and the nature of the advantage conferred remain unknown. Here, using the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we show that the G1/S regulator RBR-E2F-DP complex links the G1/S transition to circadian rhythms. Time-dependent E2F phosphorylation promotes the G1/S transition during subjective night and this phosphorylation event occurs independently of cell cycle progression, even under continuous dark or when cytosolic translation is inhibited. Constitutive expression of a phospho-mimic of E2F or depletion of RBR unlinks cell cycle progression from circadian rhythms. These transgenic lines are exposed to higher oxidative stress than the wild type. Circadian inhibition of cell cycle progression during the daytime by RBR-E2F-DP pathway likely protects cells from photosynthetic oxidative stress by temporally compartmentalizing photosynthesis and cell cycle progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation-independent circadian control of the cell cycle in a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote

et al. 2014

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“…4B). It should be noted, however, that the chloroplasts in the hypocotyls of overexpression lines are not larger than those in the wild-type leaf (5-10 mm in diameter; López-Juez and Pyke, 2005), suggesting that GNC overexpression enhanced chloroplast growth in the hypocotyls where chloroplast development is normally retarded. These results demonstrate that GNC and CGA1 positively regulate chloroplast growth.…”

Section: Gnc and Cga1 Positively Regulate Chloroplast Growth In The Hmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Proplastids are colorless and contain limited amounts of internal membranes, but they can differentiate into a variety of plastid types with specialized activities, such as amyloplasts in the roots for starch storage, leucoplasts for lipid storage, chromoplasts for pigment accumulation, etioplasts in dark-grown shoots, and chloroplasts in light-grown shoots. The different types of plastids are interconvertible in response to developmental and environmental changes (Mullet, 1988;López-Juez and Pyke, 2005). In the absence of light, proplastids can differentiate into etioplasts, which contain a semicrystalline structure called the prolamellar body with precursors of both chlorophyll and thylakoid membrane lipids (Armstrong et al, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of the GATA Transcription Factors GNC and CGA1 Reveals Their Key Role in Chloroplast Development, Growth, and Division in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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Chloroplasts develop from proplastids in a process that requires the interplay of nuclear and chloroplast genomes, but key steps in this developmental process have yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the nucleus-localized transcription factors GATA NITRATE-INDUCIBLE CARBON-METABOLISM-INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA1 (CGA1) regulate chloroplast development, growth, and division in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GNC and CGA1 are highly expressed in green tissues, and the phytohormone cytokinin regulates their expression. A gnc cga1 mutant exhibits a reduction in overall chlorophyll levels as well as in chloroplast size in the hypocotyl. Ectopic overexpression of either GNC or CGA1 promotes chloroplast biogenesis in hypocotyl cortex and root pericycle cells, based on increases in the number and size of the chloroplasts, and also results in expanded zones of chloroplast production into the epidermis of hypocotyls and cotyledons and into the cortex of roots. Ectopic overexpression also promotes the development of etioplasts from proplastids in dark-grown seedlings, subsequently enhancing the deetiolation process. Inducible expression of GNC demonstrates that GNCmediated chloroplast biogenesis can be regulated postembryonically, notably so for chloroplast production in cotyledon epidermal cells. Analysis of the gnc cga1 loss-of-function and overexpression lines supports a role for these transcription factors in regulating the effects of cytokinin on chloroplast division. These data support a model in which GNC and CGA1 serve as two of the master transcriptional regulators of chloroplast biogenesis, acting downstream of cytokinin and mediating the development of chloroplasts from proplastids and enhancing chloroplast growth and division in specific tissues.

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“…T he function of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, and the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and secondary metabolites, positions them at the central hub of plant metabolism and signaling (1). Chloroplast biogenesis and function rely on the coordinate expression of genes from both the plastid and nuclear genomes, and several thousand nuclear-encoded proteins are imported into the organelle following their synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An essential role for chloroplast heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C) in protein import into chloroplasts

Inoue

Schnell

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

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Chloroplast heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C) represents a highly conserved subfamily of the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones whose function has not been defined. We identified Hsp90C as a component that interacts with import intermediates of nuclear-encoded preproteins during posttranslational import into isolated chloroplasts. Hsp90C was specifically coprecipitated with a complex of protein import components, including Tic110, Tic40, Toc75, Tic22, and the stromal chaperones, Hsp93 and Hsp70. Radicicol, an inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, reversibly inhibited the import of a variety of preproteins during translocation across the inner envelope membrane, indicating that Hsp90C functions in membrane translocation into the organelle. Hsp90C is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, and insertion mutations in the Hsp90C gene are embryo lethal, indicating an essential function for the chaperone in plant viability. On the basis of these results, we propose that Hsp90C functions within a chaperone complex in the chloroplast stroma to facilitate membrane translocation during protein import into the organelle.

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Plastids unleashed: their development and their integration in plant development

Cited by 301 publications

References 188 publications

Translation-independent circadian control of the cell cycle in a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote

Translation-independent circadian control of the cell cycle in a unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote

Functional Characterization of the GATA Transcription Factors GNC and CGA1 Reveals Their Key Role in Chloroplast Development, Growth, and Division in Arabidopsis

An essential role for chloroplast heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C) in protein import into chloroplasts

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