The problems of the contents and methods of the teaching of the training course «Geotectonics and geodynamics» in the geological high schools of Russia have been discussed. The meaning of the classical works of the Russian scientists and their role in teaching has been considered. The recommended classification of the current multirange tectonic structures of the continents and oceans has been shown. The «Tectonic codex of Russia», edited recently, has been critically considered. An inability to use it in the learning process has been prooved.