“…Considering the widespread availability of automation equipment [11, 13], including pipetting robots that can arrange controls and compounds anywhere on a plate, scientists have been advocating for the use of randomised plate layouts for many years [19]. Although there are many plate layout editors freely available, such as Brunn [20], FlowJo [21], Labfolder [22], PlateDesigner [23], and PlateEditor [24], some of which offer the option of randomised microplate layouts, they are not easily customisable, and generating new random layouts for each plate can be very challenging without advanced programming skills aligning liquid handlers and data analysis software. On top of that, even though randomised microplate layouts have been shown to perform well in practice and are currently considered the state-of-the-art [19], pure randomisation can still produce ineffective layouts, given that, for example, technical replicates may be randomly placed in adjacent wells which are then likely to be affected by the same plate effects.…”