Platelet-activating factor. Evidence for 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine as the active component (a new class of lipid chemical mediators).

Demopoulos, Constantinos A.; Pinckard, R. N.; Hanahan, Donald J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83523-8

Cited by 1,149 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A key molecule implicated in COVID-19 pathology is platelet activating factor (PAF), as recently highlighted by our group [2,13]. More particularly, PAF is a glyceryl-ether phospholipid (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) [14], which is a potent mediator of inflammation and thrombosis [15,16]. It is produced by various cells such as platelets, endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and other cells continuously or upon inflammatory stimuli [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

2021

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The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals), phytochemicals and Mediterranean diet compounds with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, there is no single food to prevent coronavirus Although the relationship between PAF and COVID-19 is not robust, a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors may target both inflammation and thrombosis and prevent the deleterious effects of COVID-19. The next step is the experimental confirmation or not of the PAF-COVID-19 hypothesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

2021

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“…Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phosphoglycerylether lipid (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine) [2], constitutes a potent inflammatory mediator implicated in a plethora of pathophysiologic conditions, such as atherosclerosis [3], allergic disorders [4], cancer and other diseases. PAF is synthesized by almost all cell types, either at basal conditions or under specific stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

et al. 2021

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

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“…Platelet-activating factor (PAF) 14 is a potent phospholipid mediator with a wide variety of biological activities related to physiological and pathological proinflammatory conditions, such as the atherosclerosis, cancer, renal diseases, AIDS, and so on. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Several cell types, such as leukocytes, platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, and renal cells, can produce PAF under appropriate stimuli. 24 Two distinctive enzymatic biosynthetic routes have been described, the de-novo and the remodelling pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Statins on Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Metabolism

et al. 2010

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Platelet activating factor (PAF) is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are widely used in these situations. Therefore, we assessed their effect on the biological activities and metabolism of PAF. Several statins, including simvastatin, exhibited an inhibitory effect against PAF, comparable with that of PAF-inhibitors. Simvastatin also suppressed in vivo PAF-biosynthesis via the de novo pathway, in leukocytes of 6 simvastatin-treated volunteers. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, EC(50), and lag time were unaffected in these participants. Simvastatin with an intact lactone ring also inhibited PAF-activities, while incubation of human mesangial cells with it also resulted in decreased de novo PAF-biosynthesis. This suggests that these simvastatin-dependent effects are independent of its lactone ring. These new actions of statins should be further studied in PAF-implicated pathological conditions such as CVD, cancer, and renal disease.

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Platelet-activating factor. Evidence for 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine as the active component (a new class of lipid chemical mediators).

Cited by 1,149 publications

References 10 publications

Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Statins on Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Metabolism

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